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Evaluation of capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes for variety improvement | D. R. Bhattarai, S. K. Maharjan, I. P. Gautam, S. Subedi, and S. Pokhrel / D. R. Bhattarai in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 4 (2020)
[article]
Title : Evaluation of capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes for variety improvement | D. R. Bhattarai, S. K. Maharjan, I. P. Gautam, S. Subedi, and S. Pokhrel Material Type: printed text Authors: D. R. Bhattarai, Author ; Surya Kumar Maharjan, Author ; I. P. Gautam, Author ; S. Subedi, Author ; S. Pokhrel, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 139-144 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Physiological weight loss, shelf life, fruit yield Abstract: An experiment was done at Horticulture Research Division, Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Khumaltar,
Nepal under polyhouse condition to access different traits of six capsicum genotypes: HRDCAP-001, HRDCAP-003,
HRDCAP-004, HRDCAP-005, HRDCAP-006, and California Wonder (check variety) with the objective to evaluate yield
and quality. The experiment was done by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications for
each treatment. All the collected data were analyzed by using Gentstat statistical software package. Results revealed that
tested genotypes were significantly different (p California Wonder was the best for fruit length (86.11 mm), fruit width (70.45 mm), and fruit weight (126.12 g) while
HRDCAP-001 was superior in pericarp thickness (6.44 mm), fruit yield (2.46 kg per plant; 68.3 t/ha) and shelf life (6.80 days).
California Wonder had lowest physiological weight loss at different days after harvest. This study recognizes HRDCAP-001
to be a promising genotype. Hence, there is a possibility to release this genotype as a variety for commercial cultivation,
however, a multi location trial prior to its release is deemed necessary. Furthermore, all evaluated genotypes through this
research could be utilized for capsicum breeding in NepalLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Evaluation%20of%20capsicum%20%28Capsicum% [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 4 (2020) . - 139-144 p.[article] Evaluation of capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes for variety improvement | D. R. Bhattarai, S. K. Maharjan, I. P. Gautam, S. Subedi, and S. Pokhrel [printed text] / D. R. Bhattarai, Author ; Surya Kumar Maharjan, Author ; I. P. Gautam, Author ; S. Subedi, Author ; S. Pokhrel, Author . - 2020 . - 139-144 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 4 (2020) . - 139-144 p.
Keywords: Physiological weight loss, shelf life, fruit yield Abstract: An experiment was done at Horticulture Research Division, Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Khumaltar,
Nepal under polyhouse condition to access different traits of six capsicum genotypes: HRDCAP-001, HRDCAP-003,
HRDCAP-004, HRDCAP-005, HRDCAP-006, and California Wonder (check variety) with the objective to evaluate yield
and quality. The experiment was done by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications for
each treatment. All the collected data were analyzed by using Gentstat statistical software package. Results revealed that
tested genotypes were significantly different (p California Wonder was the best for fruit length (86.11 mm), fruit width (70.45 mm), and fruit weight (126.12 g) while
HRDCAP-001 was superior in pericarp thickness (6.44 mm), fruit yield (2.46 kg per plant; 68.3 t/ha) and shelf life (6.80 days).
California Wonder had lowest physiological weight loss at different days after harvest. This study recognizes HRDCAP-001
to be a promising genotype. Hence, there is a possibility to release this genotype as a variety for commercial cultivation,
however, a multi location trial prior to its release is deemed necessary. Furthermore, all evaluated genotypes through this
research could be utilized for capsicum breeding in NepalLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Evaluation%20of%20capsicum%20%28Capsicum% [...] Food availability and consumption in relation to developing strategies for sustained production and supply in Nepal / S. Pokhrel in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 4 (2020)
[article]
Title : Food availability and consumption in relation to developing strategies for sustained production and supply in Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: S. Pokhrel, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 13-28 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Commodities, nutrition, sufficiency, balance, import Abstract: Nepal is classified as severe localized food insecure country with increasing import dependency ratio in each year. Relevant
literatures and available data were reviewed in 2018 to find the trend of food availability and consumption in relation to
developing strategies for sustained production and supply in Nepal. The per capita calories uptake is higher (2830 versus
2220 kcal) with higher in rural communities and to the richer families (4000 kcal/person/day). Whereas the protein and
edible oil and fat uptake is increasing, but are yet insufficient. The diet is mostly dominated by cereals and the consumption
of pulses, fruit, vegetables and animal products were comparatively lower. There is double burden of women under-nutrition
(18.2%) and over-nutrition (13.5%). At present, Nepal is self sufficient only on tea, coffee, and poultry eggs. Where the import
dependency ratio of fruit (88.1%), oils (83.5%) and pulses (73.4%) were very high and are in increasing trend. However, the
self sufficiency ratios of cereals (97.4%), vegetables (65.9%), potato (88.8%), milk (79%), sugar (62.6%) and meat (61%)
are still higher. Raising the productivity of cereals by 0.06 t/ha, vegetables 3.49 t/ha, potato/tubers 1.59 t/ha, spices 0.58 t/
ha, milk 0.30 t/head and a considerable increment of meat productivity could make the country self sufficient. Moreover, it is
very hard to be self sufficient on fruit, oilseed, and fish because of their small area coverage/herd sizes, low productivity and
long gestation period required. It is needed to prioritize the commodities for the allocation of production areas/heard sizes,
linking all the development/infrastructure programs and output based investment for improved food production, marketing
and consumption to restore national food sufficiency for livelihood support and economic resilience.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Food%20availability%20and%20consumption%2 [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 4 (2020) . - 13-28 p.[article] Food availability and consumption in relation to developing strategies for sustained production and supply in Nepal [printed text] / S. Pokhrel, Author . - 2020 . - 13-28 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 4 (2020) . - 13-28 p.
Keywords: Commodities, nutrition, sufficiency, balance, import Abstract: Nepal is classified as severe localized food insecure country with increasing import dependency ratio in each year. Relevant
literatures and available data were reviewed in 2018 to find the trend of food availability and consumption in relation to
developing strategies for sustained production and supply in Nepal. The per capita calories uptake is higher (2830 versus
2220 kcal) with higher in rural communities and to the richer families (4000 kcal/person/day). Whereas the protein and
edible oil and fat uptake is increasing, but are yet insufficient. The diet is mostly dominated by cereals and the consumption
of pulses, fruit, vegetables and animal products were comparatively lower. There is double burden of women under-nutrition
(18.2%) and over-nutrition (13.5%). At present, Nepal is self sufficient only on tea, coffee, and poultry eggs. Where the import
dependency ratio of fruit (88.1%), oils (83.5%) and pulses (73.4%) were very high and are in increasing trend. However, the
self sufficiency ratios of cereals (97.4%), vegetables (65.9%), potato (88.8%), milk (79%), sugar (62.6%) and meat (61%)
are still higher. Raising the productivity of cereals by 0.06 t/ha, vegetables 3.49 t/ha, potato/tubers 1.59 t/ha, spices 0.58 t/
ha, milk 0.30 t/head and a considerable increment of meat productivity could make the country self sufficient. Moreover, it is
very hard to be self sufficient on fruit, oilseed, and fish because of their small area coverage/herd sizes, low productivity and
long gestation period required. It is needed to prioritize the commodities for the allocation of production areas/heard sizes,
linking all the development/infrastructure programs and output based investment for improved food production, marketing
and consumption to restore national food sufficiency for livelihood support and economic resilience.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Food%20availability%20and%20consumption%2 [...] Fruit bagging with cloth bag: An eco-friendly and cost effective management method of cucurbit’s fruitfly (Bactocera cucurbiteae Coq.) on bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) in Kathmandu, Nepal / S. Pokhrel in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 3 (2019)
[article]
Title : Fruit bagging with cloth bag: An eco-friendly and cost effective management method of cucurbit’s fruitfly (Bactocera cucurbiteae Coq.) on bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) in Kathmandu, Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: S. Pokhrel, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 49-56 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Anthesis, environment, safe practice Abstract: An experiment was cunducted during May-July 2018 in Nagarjun-1, Kathmandu, Nepal to evaluate the effectiveness and
timing of fruit bagging with cloth bag against cucurbit fruitfly (Bactocera cucurbiteae Coq.) on Bitter gourd (Momordica
charantia L.). Three treatments were used- fruit bagging with cloth bag within a day of anthesis, fruit bagging with cloth
bag in 2nd-3rd day of anthesis, and control (unbagged); each treatment with 30 replications. Analysis of variance was done
using GenStat and mean comparison by DMRT. Experiment results revealed that the average length, breath, gross weight
and the edible weight of the fruit bagged within a day of anthesis were significantly better than the fruit bagged on 2nd-3rd
day of anthesis, and control (unbagged) (length: 29.4, 20.25 & 12.78cm; breath: 14.83, 13.65 and 9.07cm; gross fruit
weight: 315.4, 207.43 and 113.37g/fruit; and the edible fruit weight: 100%, 73.42% and 10.43% ,respectively). There is an
imance need of cost effective, environmentally safe and perfect management practices against cucurbit fruit fly. For this, fruit
bagging with cloth bags earliest after the anthesis is recommended.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/5._Fruit_bagging_with_cloth_bag_An_eco-fr [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 49-56 p.[article] Fruit bagging with cloth bag: An eco-friendly and cost effective management method of cucurbit’s fruitfly (Bactocera cucurbiteae Coq.) on bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) in Kathmandu, Nepal [printed text] / S. Pokhrel, Author . - 2020 . - 49-56 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 49-56 p.
Keywords: Anthesis, environment, safe practice Abstract: An experiment was cunducted during May-July 2018 in Nagarjun-1, Kathmandu, Nepal to evaluate the effectiveness and
timing of fruit bagging with cloth bag against cucurbit fruitfly (Bactocera cucurbiteae Coq.) on Bitter gourd (Momordica
charantia L.). Three treatments were used- fruit bagging with cloth bag within a day of anthesis, fruit bagging with cloth
bag in 2nd-3rd day of anthesis, and control (unbagged); each treatment with 30 replications. Analysis of variance was done
using GenStat and mean comparison by DMRT. Experiment results revealed that the average length, breath, gross weight
and the edible weight of the fruit bagged within a day of anthesis were significantly better than the fruit bagged on 2nd-3rd
day of anthesis, and control (unbagged) (length: 29.4, 20.25 & 12.78cm; breath: 14.83, 13.65 and 9.07cm; gross fruit
weight: 315.4, 207.43 and 113.37g/fruit; and the edible fruit weight: 100%, 73.42% and 10.43% ,respectively). There is an
imance need of cost effective, environmentally safe and perfect management practices against cucurbit fruit fly. For this, fruit
bagging with cloth bags earliest after the anthesis is recommended.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/5._Fruit_bagging_with_cloth_bag_An_eco-fr [...] Laboratory bioassay of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) larva using various insecticides / S. Sharma in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 5 (2022)
[article]
Title : Laboratory bioassay of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) larva using various insecticides Material Type: printed text Authors: S. Sharma, Author ; S.C. Tiwari, Author ; R.B Thapa, Author ; S. Pokhrel, Author ; S. Neupane, Author Publication Date: 2022 Article on page: 133-138 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Fall armyworm, bioassay, pesticides, efficacy, mortality, time interval Abstract: Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith, is a polyphagous invasive pest that seriously affects
the maize crop. Various insecticides such as Spinosad, Chlorantraniliprole, Imidacloprid, Emamectin benzoate,
Spinetoram and Neem-based insecticides are recommended to control this pest. However, their efficacy is not
well studied in Nepal. Hence, a study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the above-mentioned insecticides
for FAW management in laboratory experiments. Seven different treatments (six insecticides such as Spinosad
45% SC, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, Imidacloprid 17.8% SL, Emamectin benzoate 5% SC, Spinetoram 11.7%
SC, Neem-based pesticide (Azadirachtin 1500 ppm) and control (water spray) were evaluated in three replicated
CRD design. Spinosad and Spinetoram were found effective for the FAW mortality in which > 50% mortality of
the larva was obtained in twelve hours and > 90 % mortality in twenty-four hours. Likewise, Emamectin benzoate
and Chlorantraniliprole also caused > 90% mortality within twenty-four hours. Azadirachtin and Imidacloprid
were not as effective as other pesticides that caused only 17% larval mortality in the first twelve hours and 68%
mortality in sixty hours. Similarly, Imidacloprid caused 8% larval mortality in twelve hours and 59% mortality in
sixty hours. There was no mortality in water spray (control). This information gives an idea of all pesticides are
not equally effective and efficient. Such information’s are important to the farmers to select the right insecticides
for the control of FAW in maize crops.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Laboratory_bioassay_of_fall_armyworm_Spod [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 5 (2022) . - 133-138 p.[article] Laboratory bioassay of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) larva using various insecticides [printed text] / S. Sharma, Author ; S.C. Tiwari, Author ; R.B Thapa, Author ; S. Pokhrel, Author ; S. Neupane, Author . - 2022 . - 133-138 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 5 (2022) . - 133-138 p.
Keywords: Fall armyworm, bioassay, pesticides, efficacy, mortality, time interval Abstract: Fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith, is a polyphagous invasive pest that seriously affects
the maize crop. Various insecticides such as Spinosad, Chlorantraniliprole, Imidacloprid, Emamectin benzoate,
Spinetoram and Neem-based insecticides are recommended to control this pest. However, their efficacy is not
well studied in Nepal. Hence, a study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the above-mentioned insecticides
for FAW management in laboratory experiments. Seven different treatments (six insecticides such as Spinosad
45% SC, Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, Imidacloprid 17.8% SL, Emamectin benzoate 5% SC, Spinetoram 11.7%
SC, Neem-based pesticide (Azadirachtin 1500 ppm) and control (water spray) were evaluated in three replicated
CRD design. Spinosad and Spinetoram were found effective for the FAW mortality in which > 50% mortality of
the larva was obtained in twelve hours and > 90 % mortality in twenty-four hours. Likewise, Emamectin benzoate
and Chlorantraniliprole also caused > 90% mortality within twenty-four hours. Azadirachtin and Imidacloprid
were not as effective as other pesticides that caused only 17% larval mortality in the first twelve hours and 68%
mortality in sixty hours. Similarly, Imidacloprid caused 8% larval mortality in twelve hours and 59% mortality in
sixty hours. There was no mortality in water spray (control). This information gives an idea of all pesticides are
not equally effective and efficient. Such information’s are important to the farmers to select the right insecticides
for the control of FAW in maize crops.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Laboratory_bioassay_of_fall_armyworm_Spod [...] Restoring competitive and commercial agriculture in river basin of Nepal, focus in Daraudi river, Gorkha / S. Pokhrel in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 5 (2022)
[article]
Title : Restoring competitive and commercial agriculture in river basin of Nepal, focus in Daraudi river, Gorkha Material Type: printed text Authors: S. Pokhrel, Author Publication Date: 2022 Article on page: 257-259 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Collaboration, commodity, engineering, profitable Abstract: Daraudi river basin and sub-basins consisted of numerous fertile tars, phants and upland (24173 ha) supplying
foods in settlements and neighboring cities. Agriculture in this area is no more attractive because of small size
land/farm holdings (0.25ha/HH), subsistence farming, high production cost, higher agricultural risks, low
productivity and low income. The aim of this research was to investigate the way of economic resilience by
means of commercial agriculture, agricultural risk reduction, implementation of agriculture engineering and
linking farm activities to services. Relevant literatures were reviewed, field verification and interactions were
made in different rural municipalities/municipalities in the year 2021. The study found that the maize and millet
in upland and rice-based cropping system in irrigated land are common in water shed and basin area. Cattle
(35,709), buffalo (27,921), goat (82,358), sheep (6,806), pigs (5,430) and chicken (1,92,584) are major livestock
kept. The area is in balance only on cereals (17,864 mt) and spices (735.3 mt/year) and deficit in all other foods.
Land fallow (27.0%) is increasing because of youth out migration (0.72 persons/HH/year). The respondents
demanded establishment of larger farm sizes (82.2%) from land pulling, farmers/entrepreneurs organizations
development (54.4%), identification of profitable and competitive value chain for commercial production
(74.4%), promote agriculture engineering activities (94.4%), minimization of agricultural and environmental
risks (57.8%) and creation of local off farm employment (56.7%). They also suggested to have a commercial farm
operation guideline (46.7%), linking all farm operation to services (55.6%, linking neighboring small producers
with commercial farm for services (52.2%) and establishing a strong collaboration among all stakeholders in
an integrated approach (42.2% respondents). It is recommended to address the demand of the respondents for
restoring the competitive and commercial agriculture in river basin of Daraudi river. Similar recommendation
may apply to other river basins in Nepal.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Restoring_competitive_and_commercial_agri [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 5 (2022) . - 257-259 p.[article] Restoring competitive and commercial agriculture in river basin of Nepal, focus in Daraudi river, Gorkha [printed text] / S. Pokhrel, Author . - 2022 . - 257-259 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 5 (2022) . - 257-259 p.
Keywords: Collaboration, commodity, engineering, profitable Abstract: Daraudi river basin and sub-basins consisted of numerous fertile tars, phants and upland (24173 ha) supplying
foods in settlements and neighboring cities. Agriculture in this area is no more attractive because of small size
land/farm holdings (0.25ha/HH), subsistence farming, high production cost, higher agricultural risks, low
productivity and low income. The aim of this research was to investigate the way of economic resilience by
means of commercial agriculture, agricultural risk reduction, implementation of agriculture engineering and
linking farm activities to services. Relevant literatures were reviewed, field verification and interactions were
made in different rural municipalities/municipalities in the year 2021. The study found that the maize and millet
in upland and rice-based cropping system in irrigated land are common in water shed and basin area. Cattle
(35,709), buffalo (27,921), goat (82,358), sheep (6,806), pigs (5,430) and chicken (1,92,584) are major livestock
kept. The area is in balance only on cereals (17,864 mt) and spices (735.3 mt/year) and deficit in all other foods.
Land fallow (27.0%) is increasing because of youth out migration (0.72 persons/HH/year). The respondents
demanded establishment of larger farm sizes (82.2%) from land pulling, farmers/entrepreneurs organizations
development (54.4%), identification of profitable and competitive value chain for commercial production
(74.4%), promote agriculture engineering activities (94.4%), minimization of agricultural and environmental
risks (57.8%) and creation of local off farm employment (56.7%). They also suggested to have a commercial farm
operation guideline (46.7%), linking all farm operation to services (55.6%, linking neighboring small producers
with commercial farm for services (52.2%) and establishing a strong collaboration among all stakeholders in
an integrated approach (42.2% respondents). It is recommended to address the demand of the respondents for
restoring the competitive and commercial agriculture in river basin of Daraudi river. Similar recommendation
may apply to other river basins in Nepal.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Restoring_competitive_and_commercial_agri [...]