Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University / AFU . Volume 3Published date : 07/01/2020 |
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Add the result to your basketAgriculture land use in Nepal Prospects and impacts on food security / R. H. Timilsina in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 3 (2019)
[article]
Title : Agriculture land use in Nepal Prospects and impacts on food security Material Type: printed text Authors: R. H. Timilsina, Author ; G. P. Ojha, Author ; P. B. Nepali, Author ; U. Tiwari, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 1-9 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Food security, land, crop, Nepal Abstract: This paper reviews the agricultural land use pattern of Nepal based on published information. Agricultural land use in Nepal
is closely related with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal Two, which deals with the food security. To meet
the increasing food demand, the ecological belts; Terai, and Hills should have a sustainable agricultural production system.
However, land fragmentation is high in rapidly urbanizing Terai whereas increasing fallow land and landlord absenteeism
is widely prevalent in Hills; both of these scenarios has brought changes in land use pattern for agricultural crops. Under
this context, this paper attempts to discuss the changes in major crops grown areas in different time periods and their
consequences along with factors responsible for such changes. Multiple factors such as- migration, real-estate business,
and an increment in land use for off-farm activities are thought to be responsible for such change in the cropping area. On
the other hand, increase in production of major crops has its low level of impact to the progress in food security which is
rather related to the swelled purchasing capacity of food through remittance. To address the inefficient land use and low crop
production issue, Government of Nepal has endorsed the Land Use Act, 2019 whereas its proper implementation at field
level is quite important. Since, poor land management practices have significantly affected soil quality and crop production,
urgent steps are needed to reverse the trends in land degradation while maintaining productivity of land through sustainable
land management approaches.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/1._Agriculture_land_use%20in_Nepal_Prospe [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 1-9 p.[article] Agriculture land use in Nepal Prospects and impacts on food security [printed text] / R. H. Timilsina, Author ; G. P. Ojha, Author ; P. B. Nepali, Author ; U. Tiwari, Author . - 2020 . - 1-9 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 1-9 p.
Keywords: Food security, land, crop, Nepal Abstract: This paper reviews the agricultural land use pattern of Nepal based on published information. Agricultural land use in Nepal
is closely related with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal Two, which deals with the food security. To meet
the increasing food demand, the ecological belts; Terai, and Hills should have a sustainable agricultural production system.
However, land fragmentation is high in rapidly urbanizing Terai whereas increasing fallow land and landlord absenteeism
is widely prevalent in Hills; both of these scenarios has brought changes in land use pattern for agricultural crops. Under
this context, this paper attempts to discuss the changes in major crops grown areas in different time periods and their
consequences along with factors responsible for such changes. Multiple factors such as- migration, real-estate business,
and an increment in land use for off-farm activities are thought to be responsible for such change in the cropping area. On
the other hand, increase in production of major crops has its low level of impact to the progress in food security which is
rather related to the swelled purchasing capacity of food through remittance. To address the inefficient land use and low crop
production issue, Government of Nepal has endorsed the Land Use Act, 2019 whereas its proper implementation at field
level is quite important. Since, poor land management practices have significantly affected soil quality and crop production,
urgent steps are needed to reverse the trends in land degradation while maintaining productivity of land through sustainable
land management approaches.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/1._Agriculture_land_use%20in_Nepal_Prospe [...] Farmer’s perception on vulnerability of cropping pattern and adaptive mechanism in Panchthar and Chitwan, Nepal / D. Devkota in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 3 (2019)
[article]
Title : Farmer’s perception on vulnerability of cropping pattern and adaptive mechanism in Panchthar and Chitwan, Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: D. Devkota, Author ; S. Dhakal, Author ; S. K. Khatri, Author ; N. R. Devkota, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 11-23 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Adaptation, temperature, precipitation, perception, climatic variability Abstract: A study was done in Chitwan and Panchthar districts of Nepal during 2017 and 2018 with the objective to learn vulnerability
of major cropping pattern, mainly with weather variability and farmers’ current practices to adapt them so that information
would be useful in formulating appropriate strategies. A total of 240 respondents were identified, and face to face structured
questionnaire was used to collect the primary information. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Key Informants’ Interview
(KII) were also done in order to triangulate the major findings obtained from survey. Majority of the respondents in both the
districts had a strong perception that precipitation related unpredictable consequences to the cropping pattern was more visible
in the recent past years along with the fluctuation of temperature that impacted on overall low production. Respondents from
both the districts also reported drastic rise in summer temperature for the last few years with the declining rainfall pattern,
resulting lower ground water table. The FGD and KII findings are consistent with the trend of rise in summer temperature as
revealed from the Hydro-meteorology data. In the monsoon, the pattern of rainfall has changed over time. In general, weather
variability related vulnerability and its impact to the cropping system has been seriously felt by the respondents, but they are
cautious about possible adaptive measures, and are adjusting in the agronomical practices such as, sowing dates, and to some
extent introduction of new crop species and varieties. However, there was a significant difference on majority of perception
related parameters as opined by the respondents in Chitwan and Panchthar (p variations in responses while formulating site specific strategies instead of generalizing them. In-depth and comprehensive
study covering larger niches would provide concrete information to develop appropriate strategies and policies to the weather
variability in order to safeguard cropping pattern, and to increase productivity under the possible vulnerable context.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/2._Farmer%E2%80%99s_perception_on_vulnera [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 11-23 p.[article] Farmer’s perception on vulnerability of cropping pattern and adaptive mechanism in Panchthar and Chitwan, Nepal [printed text] / D. Devkota, Author ; S. Dhakal, Author ; S. K. Khatri, Author ; N. R. Devkota, Author . - 2020 . - 11-23 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 11-23 p.
Keywords: Adaptation, temperature, precipitation, perception, climatic variability Abstract: A study was done in Chitwan and Panchthar districts of Nepal during 2017 and 2018 with the objective to learn vulnerability
of major cropping pattern, mainly with weather variability and farmers’ current practices to adapt them so that information
would be useful in formulating appropriate strategies. A total of 240 respondents were identified, and face to face structured
questionnaire was used to collect the primary information. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Key Informants’ Interview
(KII) were also done in order to triangulate the major findings obtained from survey. Majority of the respondents in both the
districts had a strong perception that precipitation related unpredictable consequences to the cropping pattern was more visible
in the recent past years along with the fluctuation of temperature that impacted on overall low production. Respondents from
both the districts also reported drastic rise in summer temperature for the last few years with the declining rainfall pattern,
resulting lower ground water table. The FGD and KII findings are consistent with the trend of rise in summer temperature as
revealed from the Hydro-meteorology data. In the monsoon, the pattern of rainfall has changed over time. In general, weather
variability related vulnerability and its impact to the cropping system has been seriously felt by the respondents, but they are
cautious about possible adaptive measures, and are adjusting in the agronomical practices such as, sowing dates, and to some
extent introduction of new crop species and varieties. However, there was a significant difference on majority of perception
related parameters as opined by the respondents in Chitwan and Panchthar (p variations in responses while formulating site specific strategies instead of generalizing them. In-depth and comprehensive
study covering larger niches would provide concrete information to develop appropriate strategies and policies to the weather
variability in order to safeguard cropping pattern, and to increase productivity under the possible vulnerable context.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/2._Farmer%E2%80%99s_perception_on_vulnera [...] Validating technical performance of micro-hydropower plants in Nepal / R.B Thapa in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 3 (2019)
[article]
Title : Validating technical performance of micro-hydropower plants in Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: R.B Thapa, Author ; Bishnu Raj Upreti, Author ; D. Devkota, Author ; G. R. Pokhrel, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 25-36 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: electrification, indicators, performance, plant factor, efficiency Abstract: Access to electricity is a major factor for socio-economic development of a country. But providing reliable, affordable and
modern energy in rural settlements is a major challenge, especially in the developing countries. Energy service is costeffective through off-grid electrification due to scattered settlements, whereas micro-hydropower plant (MHP) is an effective
complement to grid-based power due to its enormous potential. However, these off-grid MHPs are sometimes debated to be
performing below standard which motivated the author to analyze and validate the technical performance of existing MHPs
comparing with national standards. This paper presents the performance analyses of 84 MHPs supported by Alternative
Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC) in Nepal. The results showed that water-to-wire efficiency mean is 59.2%, performing
above designed value. Similarly, electro-mechanical (E/M) efficiency performed above national standard. Water-to-wire,
E/M, and turbine efficiencies are positively influenced by increase in plant size, but penstock efficiency remains same,
irrespective of plant size. Majority of plants are performing reliably, the plants performing un-reliably is mainly due to
insufficient flow. Mean value of plant factor is 27% which is influenced by plant size and energy consumption per household.
Lower value of plant factor refers that there is high potentiality to improve energy based economic activities.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/2._Validating_technical_performance_of_mi [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 25-36 p.[article] Validating technical performance of micro-hydropower plants in Nepal [printed text] / R.B Thapa, Author ; Bishnu Raj Upreti, Author ; D. Devkota, Author ; G. R. Pokhrel, Author . - 2020 . - 25-36 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 25-36 p.
Keywords: electrification, indicators, performance, plant factor, efficiency Abstract: Access to electricity is a major factor for socio-economic development of a country. But providing reliable, affordable and
modern energy in rural settlements is a major challenge, especially in the developing countries. Energy service is costeffective through off-grid electrification due to scattered settlements, whereas micro-hydropower plant (MHP) is an effective
complement to grid-based power due to its enormous potential. However, these off-grid MHPs are sometimes debated to be
performing below standard which motivated the author to analyze and validate the technical performance of existing MHPs
comparing with national standards. This paper presents the performance analyses of 84 MHPs supported by Alternative
Energy Promotion Centre (AEPC) in Nepal. The results showed that water-to-wire efficiency mean is 59.2%, performing
above designed value. Similarly, electro-mechanical (E/M) efficiency performed above national standard. Water-to-wire,
E/M, and turbine efficiencies are positively influenced by increase in plant size, but penstock efficiency remains same,
irrespective of plant size. Majority of plants are performing reliably, the plants performing un-reliably is mainly due to
insufficient flow. Mean value of plant factor is 27% which is influenced by plant size and energy consumption per household.
Lower value of plant factor refers that there is high potentiality to improve energy based economic activities.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/2._Validating_technical_performance_of_mi [...] Fatty acid composition of oil extracted from soybean seeds harvested at different days of reproductive stage | K. H. Dhakal / K. H. Dhakal in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 3 (2019)
[article]
Title : Fatty acid composition of oil extracted from soybean seeds harvested at different days of reproductive stage | K. H. Dhakal Material Type: printed text Authors: K. H. Dhakal, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 37-42 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Seed development, days after flowering, trait, accessions Abstract: Oil accumulation in soybean is considered as an important trait during seed development which is greatly valued in food, or
industrial application. An experiment was done to analyze fatty acid composition of soybean seed harvested at different stages
of reproductive period. Six soybean accessions with varied fatty acid composition were sown in two locations- Research field
of Kyungpook National University (KNU), and Chungpook National University (CNU), Korea, using four replications for
each treatment in both the sites. The pod samples were harvested at an interval of 10 days from the 45th day after flowering,
and sampling was continued up to the 75th day until the crop was matured. Fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas
chromatography. Significant variation in all five fatty acid compositions was observed among six accessions planted at both
locations, except for steric acid, planted at the Research field of CNU. All fatty acid composition was significantly different
with respect to the different days (45, 55, 65 and 75), planted in both locations. But, there was no significant interaction
found between accessions and days after flowering for both the locations. Among five fatty acids, mean palmitic, steric, and
linolenic acid was increased while oleic and linoleic acid was decreased as seed matured for both the locations. These findings
provide valuable information in selecting soybean varieties with desirable fatty acid composition to have healthy soybean oil,
especially when considered for cooking and industrial purposeLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/3._Fatty_acid_composition_of_oil_extracte [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 37-42 p.[article] Fatty acid composition of oil extracted from soybean seeds harvested at different days of reproductive stage | K. H. Dhakal [printed text] / K. H. Dhakal, Author . - 2020 . - 37-42 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 37-42 p.
Keywords: Seed development, days after flowering, trait, accessions Abstract: Oil accumulation in soybean is considered as an important trait during seed development which is greatly valued in food, or
industrial application. An experiment was done to analyze fatty acid composition of soybean seed harvested at different stages
of reproductive period. Six soybean accessions with varied fatty acid composition were sown in two locations- Research field
of Kyungpook National University (KNU), and Chungpook National University (CNU), Korea, using four replications for
each treatment in both the sites. The pod samples were harvested at an interval of 10 days from the 45th day after flowering,
and sampling was continued up to the 75th day until the crop was matured. Fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas
chromatography. Significant variation in all five fatty acid compositions was observed among six accessions planted at both
locations, except for steric acid, planted at the Research field of CNU. All fatty acid composition was significantly different
with respect to the different days (45, 55, 65 and 75), planted in both locations. But, there was no significant interaction
found between accessions and days after flowering for both the locations. Among five fatty acids, mean palmitic, steric, and
linolenic acid was increased while oleic and linoleic acid was decreased as seed matured for both the locations. These findings
provide valuable information in selecting soybean varieties with desirable fatty acid composition to have healthy soybean oil,
especially when considered for cooking and industrial purposeLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/3._Fatty_acid_composition_of_oil_extracte [...] Effects of different doses of nitrogen on jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida), and red cotton bug (Dysdercus koenigii F) population and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) in Chitwan, Nepal / B. Belbase in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 3 (2019)
[article]
Title : Effects of different doses of nitrogen on jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida), and red cotton bug (Dysdercus koenigii F) population and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) in Chitwan, Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: B. Belbase, Author ; G. Neupane, Author ; H. Yadav, Author ; N. Pandey, Author ; Regmi,R., Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 43-48 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Sucking pest, fertilizer, infestation, yield Abstract: Insect pests such as okra jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula) and red cotton bug (Dysdercus koenigii) are the major crop
limiting biotic constraint in okra in Nepal. Man-made fossil-based pesticides and synthetic fertilizers use are the common
practices to reduce pest infestations, and to increase crop production. These synthetic agricultural practices are extremely
harmful to human health, biodiversity maintenance, and the environment. The aim of this experiment was to develop an
appropriate pest management protocol by adopting good agricultural practices. Higher than the recommended dose of
nitrogen-based fertilizer can increase the pest and diseases infestations as well as reduce the crop yield in long-run. Hence,
the main objective of this experiment was to analyze the effect of different doses of nitrogen fertilizer to the population of
sucking insect pest, such as jassid, and red cotton bug. The experiment was done by using a Randomized Complete Block
Design (RCBD), with five treatments (200 kg N ha-1, 150 kg N ha-1, 100 kg N ha-1, 50 kg N ha-1, 0 kg N ha-1), each replicated
four time. Results revealed that increase rate of nitrogenous fertilizer increase the infestation rate of jassid and red cotton bug.
However, the highest yield was recorded in 200 kg N ha-1 followed by 150 kg N ha-1, respectively. The highest benefit-cost
ratio was found in 150 kg N ha-1 and 100 kg N ha-1. It is thus suggested that optimum use of nitrogen increase the economic
profit as well as reduce the pest infestation of sucking insect.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/4._Effects_of_different_doses_of_nitrogen [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 43-48 p.[article] Effects of different doses of nitrogen on jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida), and red cotton bug (Dysdercus koenigii F) population and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) in Chitwan, Nepal [printed text] / B. Belbase, Author ; G. Neupane, Author ; H. Yadav, Author ; N. Pandey, Author ; Regmi,R., Author . - 2020 . - 43-48 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 43-48 p.
Keywords: Sucking pest, fertilizer, infestation, yield Abstract: Insect pests such as okra jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula) and red cotton bug (Dysdercus koenigii) are the major crop
limiting biotic constraint in okra in Nepal. Man-made fossil-based pesticides and synthetic fertilizers use are the common
practices to reduce pest infestations, and to increase crop production. These synthetic agricultural practices are extremely
harmful to human health, biodiversity maintenance, and the environment. The aim of this experiment was to develop an
appropriate pest management protocol by adopting good agricultural practices. Higher than the recommended dose of
nitrogen-based fertilizer can increase the pest and diseases infestations as well as reduce the crop yield in long-run. Hence,
the main objective of this experiment was to analyze the effect of different doses of nitrogen fertilizer to the population of
sucking insect pest, such as jassid, and red cotton bug. The experiment was done by using a Randomized Complete Block
Design (RCBD), with five treatments (200 kg N ha-1, 150 kg N ha-1, 100 kg N ha-1, 50 kg N ha-1, 0 kg N ha-1), each replicated
four time. Results revealed that increase rate of nitrogenous fertilizer increase the infestation rate of jassid and red cotton bug.
However, the highest yield was recorded in 200 kg N ha-1 followed by 150 kg N ha-1, respectively. The highest benefit-cost
ratio was found in 150 kg N ha-1 and 100 kg N ha-1. It is thus suggested that optimum use of nitrogen increase the economic
profit as well as reduce the pest infestation of sucking insect.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/4._Effects_of_different_doses_of_nitrogen [...] Fruit bagging with cloth bag: An eco-friendly and cost effective management method of cucurbit’s fruitfly (Bactocera cucurbiteae Coq.) on bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) in Kathmandu, Nepal / S. Pokhrel in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 3 (2019)
[article]
Title : Fruit bagging with cloth bag: An eco-friendly and cost effective management method of cucurbit’s fruitfly (Bactocera cucurbiteae Coq.) on bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) in Kathmandu, Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: S. Pokhrel, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 49-56 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Anthesis, environment, safe practice Abstract: An experiment was cunducted during May-July 2018 in Nagarjun-1, Kathmandu, Nepal to evaluate the effectiveness and
timing of fruit bagging with cloth bag against cucurbit fruitfly (Bactocera cucurbiteae Coq.) on Bitter gourd (Momordica
charantia L.). Three treatments were used- fruit bagging with cloth bag within a day of anthesis, fruit bagging with cloth
bag in 2nd-3rd day of anthesis, and control (unbagged); each treatment with 30 replications. Analysis of variance was done
using GenStat and mean comparison by DMRT. Experiment results revealed that the average length, breath, gross weight
and the edible weight of the fruit bagged within a day of anthesis were significantly better than the fruit bagged on 2nd-3rd
day of anthesis, and control (unbagged) (length: 29.4, 20.25 & 12.78cm; breath: 14.83, 13.65 and 9.07cm; gross fruit
weight: 315.4, 207.43 and 113.37g/fruit; and the edible fruit weight: 100%, 73.42% and 10.43% ,respectively). There is an
imance need of cost effective, environmentally safe and perfect management practices against cucurbit fruit fly. For this, fruit
bagging with cloth bags earliest after the anthesis is recommended.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/5._Fruit_bagging_with_cloth_bag_An_eco-fr [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 49-56 p.[article] Fruit bagging with cloth bag: An eco-friendly and cost effective management method of cucurbit’s fruitfly (Bactocera cucurbiteae Coq.) on bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) in Kathmandu, Nepal [printed text] / S. Pokhrel, Author . - 2020 . - 49-56 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 49-56 p.
Keywords: Anthesis, environment, safe practice Abstract: An experiment was cunducted during May-July 2018 in Nagarjun-1, Kathmandu, Nepal to evaluate the effectiveness and
timing of fruit bagging with cloth bag against cucurbit fruitfly (Bactocera cucurbiteae Coq.) on Bitter gourd (Momordica
charantia L.). Three treatments were used- fruit bagging with cloth bag within a day of anthesis, fruit bagging with cloth
bag in 2nd-3rd day of anthesis, and control (unbagged); each treatment with 30 replications. Analysis of variance was done
using GenStat and mean comparison by DMRT. Experiment results revealed that the average length, breath, gross weight
and the edible weight of the fruit bagged within a day of anthesis were significantly better than the fruit bagged on 2nd-3rd
day of anthesis, and control (unbagged) (length: 29.4, 20.25 & 12.78cm; breath: 14.83, 13.65 and 9.07cm; gross fruit
weight: 315.4, 207.43 and 113.37g/fruit; and the edible fruit weight: 100%, 73.42% and 10.43% ,respectively). There is an
imance need of cost effective, environmentally safe and perfect management practices against cucurbit fruit fly. For this, fruit
bagging with cloth bags earliest after the anthesis is recommended.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/5._Fruit_bagging_with_cloth_bag_An_eco-fr [...] Variability, heritability and correlation studies on grain yield and related traits in spring wheat genotypes / Bhuwan Raj Ojha in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 3 (2019)
[article]
Title : Variability, heritability and correlation studies on grain yield and related traits in spring wheat genotypes Material Type: printed text Authors: Bhuwan Raj Ojha, Author ; A. Ojha, Author ; R. Chaudhary, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 57-62 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Yield attributing traits, correlation, spike, genetic advance Abstract: A field research was done at the research station of AFU, Rampur, Chitwan during the wheat growing season of 2018/19
to study the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, and correlation of grain yield and yield attributing traits in
wheat. Eight wheat genotypes were tested using Completely Randomized Block Design with three replications under rainfed
condition. Observations were taken for grain yield, spike length, number of tillers per m2
, test weight, number of grains per
spike, and grain weight per spike. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the tested wheat genotypes
for all the characters, except number of tillers per m2
. 8thHPYT409 had the highest number of effective tillers per m2 (399),
number of grains per spike (54), grain weight per spike (2.32 g), test weight (406 g) and grain yield per plot (2.51 kg).
Number of grains per spike had the highest broad sense heritability (0.72) along with high genetic advance (22%) which can
be considered the good estimate for effective selection of the trait. Moderate heritability (0.54) and highest genetic advance
(31%) was estimated for grain yield per plot. Number of grains per spike had highly significant positive correlation with
grain weight per spike and yield per plot, suggesting number of grains per spike has positive influence on yield (r = 0.59**).Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/6._Variability%2C_heritability_and_correl [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 57-62 p.[article] Variability, heritability and correlation studies on grain yield and related traits in spring wheat genotypes [printed text] / Bhuwan Raj Ojha, Author ; A. Ojha, Author ; R. Chaudhary, Author . - 2020 . - 57-62 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 57-62 p.
Keywords: Yield attributing traits, correlation, spike, genetic advance Abstract: A field research was done at the research station of AFU, Rampur, Chitwan during the wheat growing season of 2018/19
to study the genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, and correlation of grain yield and yield attributing traits in
wheat. Eight wheat genotypes were tested using Completely Randomized Block Design with three replications under rainfed
condition. Observations were taken for grain yield, spike length, number of tillers per m2
, test weight, number of grains per
spike, and grain weight per spike. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the tested wheat genotypes
for all the characters, except number of tillers per m2
. 8thHPYT409 had the highest number of effective tillers per m2 (399),
number of grains per spike (54), grain weight per spike (2.32 g), test weight (406 g) and grain yield per plot (2.51 kg).
Number of grains per spike had the highest broad sense heritability (0.72) along with high genetic advance (22%) which can
be considered the good estimate for effective selection of the trait. Moderate heritability (0.54) and highest genetic advance
(31%) was estimated for grain yield per plot. Number of grains per spike had highly significant positive correlation with
grain weight per spike and yield per plot, suggesting number of grains per spike has positive influence on yield (r = 0.59**).Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/6._Variability%2C_heritability_and_correl [...] Effects of foliar application of urea and micronutrients on yield and fruit quality of Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) / P. R. Rokaya in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 3 (2019)
[article]
Title : Effects of foliar application of urea and micronutrients on yield and fruit quality of Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) Material Type: printed text Authors: P. R. Rokaya, Author ; D. R. Baral, Author ; D. M. Gautam, Author ; Shrestha; A.K., Author ; K. P. Paudyal, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 63-68 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Fruit industry, management, minerals, ascorbic acid Abstract: Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) occupies a prominent position in the total fruit industry of Nepal. However, production
performance of mandarin has been declined over the last ten years, mainly due to improper nutrient management practices,
and has remained as low as 9 t per hectare. This study was done to analyze the effect of foliar application of urea and
micronutrients on yield and quality of mandarin. Accordingly, an experiment was done using a Randomized Complete
Block design, having four treatments, each replicated four times viz: T1
-control, T2
-urea 2%, T3
-micronutrient (Agromin)
0.4%, and, T4
-urea 2%+micronutrient (Agromin) 0.4%). Spraying of urea, or Agromin alone, or, in combination had a
significantly (p and most of the minerals whereas combined application of urea at 2% and micronutrients (Agromin) at 0.4% had further
better performance on these parameters compared to the rest. Thus, two times foliar application of urea alone, and, or in
combination with micronutrients could be an effective practice in getting the maximum productivity as well as the fruit
quality of mandarin.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/7._Effects_of_foliar_application_of_urea_ [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 63-68 p.[article] Effects of foliar application of urea and micronutrients on yield and fruit quality of Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) [printed text] / P. R. Rokaya, Author ; D. R. Baral, Author ; D. M. Gautam, Author ; Shrestha; A.K., Author ; K. P. Paudyal, Author . - 2020 . - 63-68 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 63-68 p.
Keywords: Fruit industry, management, minerals, ascorbic acid Abstract: Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) occupies a prominent position in the total fruit industry of Nepal. However, production
performance of mandarin has been declined over the last ten years, mainly due to improper nutrient management practices,
and has remained as low as 9 t per hectare. This study was done to analyze the effect of foliar application of urea and
micronutrients on yield and quality of mandarin. Accordingly, an experiment was done using a Randomized Complete
Block design, having four treatments, each replicated four times viz: T1
-control, T2
-urea 2%, T3
-micronutrient (Agromin)
0.4%, and, T4
-urea 2%+micronutrient (Agromin) 0.4%). Spraying of urea, or Agromin alone, or, in combination had a
significantly (p and most of the minerals whereas combined application of urea at 2% and micronutrients (Agromin) at 0.4% had further
better performance on these parameters compared to the rest. Thus, two times foliar application of urea alone, and, or in
combination with micronutrients could be an effective practice in getting the maximum productivity as well as the fruit
quality of mandarin.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/7._Effects_of_foliar_application_of_urea_ [...] Effects of chemical additives on shelf life of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) during storage / P. Devkota in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 3 (2019)
[article]
Title : Effects of chemical additives on shelf life of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) during storage Material Type: printed text Authors: P. Devkota, Author ; Pritika Devkota, Author ; R. Khadka, Author ; K. R. Gaire, Author ; P. R. Dhital, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 69-76 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: : Calcium chloride, Gibberellic acid, Post-harvest treatment, Tomato Abstract: The study on effect of chemical additives on shelf life of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) at the time of storage was done in
Nuwakot, Nepal during March to April, 2019. Tomato (Dr-3 variety) fruit with stem stalk were harvested at pink stage and
dipped either in distilled water as control, or in different concentration of Gibberellic acid [(GA3 ) (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5%)], and calcium chloride [(CaCl2 ) (0.5, 1 and 1.5%)] for 20 minutes. Fruit were then air dried and stored at ambient condition. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications and 7 treatments. The shelf life and
physicochemical characteristics of tomato fruit were studied at 3 days interval during storage. The post harvested treatment
with GA and CaCl2 resulted in delay in the change of weight loss, decaying loss, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity in tomato fruit along with higher amount of ascorbic acid. The least decay percentage in the fruit was obtained with 0.1% GA3
and 1.5% CaCl2 . Hence, it could be concluded that post-harvest treatment with GA3 and CaCl2 has the potential to control
decay, prolong the storage life, and preserve valuable attributes of tomato fruit.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/8._Effects_of_chemical_additives_on_shelf [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 69-76 p.[article] Effects of chemical additives on shelf life of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) during storage [printed text] / P. Devkota, Author ; Pritika Devkota, Author ; R. Khadka, Author ; K. R. Gaire, Author ; P. R. Dhital, Author . - 2020 . - 69-76 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 69-76 p.
Keywords: : Calcium chloride, Gibberellic acid, Post-harvest treatment, Tomato Abstract: The study on effect of chemical additives on shelf life of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) at the time of storage was done in
Nuwakot, Nepal during March to April, 2019. Tomato (Dr-3 variety) fruit with stem stalk were harvested at pink stage and
dipped either in distilled water as control, or in different concentration of Gibberellic acid [(GA3 ) (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5%)], and calcium chloride [(CaCl2 ) (0.5, 1 and 1.5%)] for 20 minutes. Fruit were then air dried and stored at ambient condition. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications and 7 treatments. The shelf life and
physicochemical characteristics of tomato fruit were studied at 3 days interval during storage. The post harvested treatment
with GA and CaCl2 resulted in delay in the change of weight loss, decaying loss, total soluble solids, and titratable acidity in tomato fruit along with higher amount of ascorbic acid. The least decay percentage in the fruit was obtained with 0.1% GA3
and 1.5% CaCl2 . Hence, it could be concluded that post-harvest treatment with GA3 and CaCl2 has the potential to control
decay, prolong the storage life, and preserve valuable attributes of tomato fruit.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/8._Effects_of_chemical_additives_on_shelf [...] Effects of spacing and weed management practices in winter maize in Rampur, Chitwan / P. Gurung in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 3 (2019)
[article]
Title : Effects of spacing and weed management practices in winter maize in Rampur, Chitwan Material Type: printed text Authors: P. Gurung, Author ; S. Dhakal, Author ; S. Marahatta, Author ; J. B. Adhikari, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 77-84 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Mulch, weed dynamics, weed control efficiency, weed index Abstract: Maize is sensitive to weed infestation; losses in crop yield vary from 28-100%. Manual weeding is the most dominant
method in Nepal, however, a majority of the farmers still does not adopt any specific method of weed control. An experiment
was conducted to evaluate the influence of plant spacing and weed management practices on weed dynamics and yield of
maize, during the winter season of 2016/17 at National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. The
experiment was done using split plot design with three replication; main plot factor was plant density (66666 and 83333
plants/ha),and sub-plot factors was weed management practices viz. weedy check, weed-free, two hand weeding at 30 and
60 DAS, rice straw mulch, black plastic mulch, Atrazine @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha + Pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg a.i./ha, Atrazine @
0.75 kg a.i./ha + Pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg a.i./ha followed by hand weeding at 30 DAS, and Atrazine @ 0.75 kg a.i. /ha +
Pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg a.i./ha followed by 2,4-D @1.5 L a.i./ha at 35 DAS. The plant density did not show significant effect
on weed density, weed dry weight, Weed Control Efficiency, Weed Index, and grain yield. Use of black plastic mulch was the
most effective to reduce weed density and dry weight. The higher Weed Control Efficiency (97.7, 96.4, 95.9 and 89.6% at 30,
60, 90 DAS and at harvest), and lower Weed Index (-2.9%) were also found with the use of black plastic mulch. As compared
to weed-free condition, weed caused grain yield loss up to 61.5% in the weedy condition. Accordingly, highest grain yield
was achieved with the use of black plastic mulch (5.1 t ha-1) followed by weed-free (5.0 t ha-1) condition and with the use of
rice straw as mulch (4.7 t ha-1). This information could be useful in developing weed management packages in maize.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/9._Effects_of_spacing_and_weed_management [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 77-84 p.[article] Effects of spacing and weed management practices in winter maize in Rampur, Chitwan [printed text] / P. Gurung, Author ; S. Dhakal, Author ; S. Marahatta, Author ; J. B. Adhikari, Author . - 2020 . - 77-84 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 77-84 p.
Keywords: Mulch, weed dynamics, weed control efficiency, weed index Abstract: Maize is sensitive to weed infestation; losses in crop yield vary from 28-100%. Manual weeding is the most dominant
method in Nepal, however, a majority of the farmers still does not adopt any specific method of weed control. An experiment
was conducted to evaluate the influence of plant spacing and weed management practices on weed dynamics and yield of
maize, during the winter season of 2016/17 at National Maize Research Program (NMRP), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal. The
experiment was done using split plot design with three replication; main plot factor was plant density (66666 and 83333
plants/ha),and sub-plot factors was weed management practices viz. weedy check, weed-free, two hand weeding at 30 and
60 DAS, rice straw mulch, black plastic mulch, Atrazine @ 0.75 kg a.i./ha + Pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg a.i./ha, Atrazine @
0.75 kg a.i./ha + Pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg a.i./ha followed by hand weeding at 30 DAS, and Atrazine @ 0.75 kg a.i. /ha +
Pendimethalin @ 0.5 kg a.i./ha followed by 2,4-D @1.5 L a.i./ha at 35 DAS. The plant density did not show significant effect
on weed density, weed dry weight, Weed Control Efficiency, Weed Index, and grain yield. Use of black plastic mulch was the
most effective to reduce weed density and dry weight. The higher Weed Control Efficiency (97.7, 96.4, 95.9 and 89.6% at 30,
60, 90 DAS and at harvest), and lower Weed Index (-2.9%) were also found with the use of black plastic mulch. As compared
to weed-free condition, weed caused grain yield loss up to 61.5% in the weedy condition. Accordingly, highest grain yield
was achieved with the use of black plastic mulch (5.1 t ha-1) followed by weed-free (5.0 t ha-1) condition and with the use of
rice straw as mulch (4.7 t ha-1). This information could be useful in developing weed management packages in maize.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/9._Effects_of_spacing_and_weed_management [...] Farmers’ perception on climate change and maize cultivation in relation to insect diversity across the altitudinal gradient of Nepal / G. S. Bhandari in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 3 (2019)
[article]
Title : Farmers’ perception on climate change and maize cultivation in relation to insect diversity across the altitudinal gradient of Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: G. S. Bhandari, Author ; R.B Thapa, Author ; Y. P. Giri, Author ; H. K. Manandhar, Author ; P.K. Jha, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 85-97 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Temperature, pest emergence, stem borers, management, adaptation strategies Abstract: Household survey was done with randomly selected 148 respondents from three districts, representing the altitudinal
variation focusing to maize growing areas in inner terai (Chitwan), mid (Kaski), and high (Mustang) hills of Nepal to
explore the farmers’ perception on climatic variabilities and maize production relating to the insect diversity. Data were
collected through purposive random sample survey of households using a stratified-multi stage cluster sampling method.
Findings revealed that majority of farmers were aware of climate change, particularly about the climatic variability and
its impact on maize production, but they posses poor knowledge about appropriate adaptation strategies. The findings also
showed that most of the respondent farmers (68.9%) experienced increased temperature whereas about one-third (35.5%)
also experienced about erratic rainfall pattern. About three-fifth of the respondent farmers felt about the emergence of insect
pests in the last decade, and they relate this fact as the effect of climate change, resulting decreased maize production over the
years. Analysis of the recorded temperature revealed an increment of 0.02-0.07°C/ temperature/year with the increment of
precipitation of 24.6 mm/year between 1980 and 2018, and these facts matches well to the perception of respondent farmers.
Findings also identified the major problems related to the maize production as pest severity, lack of labour, unavailability
of improved seed, poor extension service, and frequently occurrence of drought. Likewise, pest attack was also revealed as
an important cause of decreased maize production. About two-fifth (44%) respondent farmers considered stem borer as the
most prevalent pest in all ecological domains, causing significant damage to maize. Majority of the farmers followed only
cultural practices to manage pests whereas their poor knowledge on insect and disease management was the major challenge
to increase maize productivity that needs serious consideration for a better policy formulation and planningLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/jafu
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 85-97 p.[article] Farmers’ perception on climate change and maize cultivation in relation to insect diversity across the altitudinal gradient of Nepal [printed text] / G. S. Bhandari, Author ; R.B Thapa, Author ; Y. P. Giri, Author ; H. K. Manandhar, Author ; P.K. Jha, Author . - 2020 . - 85-97 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 85-97 p.
Keywords: Temperature, pest emergence, stem borers, management, adaptation strategies Abstract: Household survey was done with randomly selected 148 respondents from three districts, representing the altitudinal
variation focusing to maize growing areas in inner terai (Chitwan), mid (Kaski), and high (Mustang) hills of Nepal to
explore the farmers’ perception on climatic variabilities and maize production relating to the insect diversity. Data were
collected through purposive random sample survey of households using a stratified-multi stage cluster sampling method.
Findings revealed that majority of farmers were aware of climate change, particularly about the climatic variability and
its impact on maize production, but they posses poor knowledge about appropriate adaptation strategies. The findings also
showed that most of the respondent farmers (68.9%) experienced increased temperature whereas about one-third (35.5%)
also experienced about erratic rainfall pattern. About three-fifth of the respondent farmers felt about the emergence of insect
pests in the last decade, and they relate this fact as the effect of climate change, resulting decreased maize production over the
years. Analysis of the recorded temperature revealed an increment of 0.02-0.07°C/ temperature/year with the increment of
precipitation of 24.6 mm/year between 1980 and 2018, and these facts matches well to the perception of respondent farmers.
Findings also identified the major problems related to the maize production as pest severity, lack of labour, unavailability
of improved seed, poor extension service, and frequently occurrence of drought. Likewise, pest attack was also revealed as
an important cause of decreased maize production. About two-fifth (44%) respondent farmers considered stem borer as the
most prevalent pest in all ecological domains, causing significant damage to maize. Majority of the farmers followed only
cultural practices to manage pests whereas their poor knowledge on insect and disease management was the major challenge
to increase maize productivity that needs serious consideration for a better policy formulation and planningLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/jafu Evaluation of heat tolerant maize (zea mays l.) Inbred lines under natural field conditions in India / M. P. Tripathi in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 3 (2019)
[article]
Title : Evaluation of heat tolerant maize (zea mays l.) Inbred lines under natural field conditions in India Material Type: printed text Authors: M. P. Tripathi, Author ; Ghimire; S.K., Author ; S. K. Nair, Author ; Shanti Kumari Shahi, Author ; M. P. Pandey, Author ; M. T. Vinayanan, Author ; K. Seetharaman, Author ; P. H. Zaidi, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 99-104 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Double haploid (DH), genotypic variation (σ2 g), heat stress, heritability (h2), and inbred lines Abstract: Heat stress is becoming an eminent constraint of maize production in all the major maize producing regions, including
South Asia. Effect of natural heat stress on flowering, height, grain yield, and other major secondary traits were evaluated
in Hyderabad and Bhubaneswar, India during spring season of 2016. Two hundred and two double haploid (DH) maize
inbred lines were tested for heat tolerance using α-lattice design with two replication. Differences observed for days to
anthesis (AD), days to silking (SD), plant height (PH), ear height (EH), tassel blasting (TB), leaf firing (LF), senescence
(SEN), soil plant analysis development (SPAD) index, and grain yield (GY) among the tested maize lines. The GY of
heat tolerant parent ranged 0.227-0.375 t ha-1 and susceptible tester ranged 0.10-0.15 t ha-1 while grain yield of population
ranged from 0.014 to 0.935 t ha-1. The wider range of genotypic variation was recorded among inbred lines for TB
(205.7-234.3), LF (534.7-559.5), and SEN (132.4-163.4). Moderate to high heritability (0.63 to 0.95) and transgressive
segregations were observed in both directions for these secondary traits. As major and additive genes can be expected
for moderate to high heritability of these traits, selection could be a best tool to be applied for reliable improvement of
maize against heat stress. Indirect selection of the secondary traits can play influential roles in GY improvement of maize
under heat stress. Such information could be useful in inbred lines selection and development of novel heat tolerant
maize hybrids in the futurLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/jafu
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 99-104 p.[article] Evaluation of heat tolerant maize (zea mays l.) Inbred lines under natural field conditions in India [printed text] / M. P. Tripathi, Author ; Ghimire; S.K., Author ; S. K. Nair, Author ; Shanti Kumari Shahi, Author ; M. P. Pandey, Author ; M. T. Vinayanan, Author ; K. Seetharaman, Author ; P. H. Zaidi, Author . - 2020 . - 99-104 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 99-104 p.
Keywords: Double haploid (DH), genotypic variation (σ2 g), heat stress, heritability (h2), and inbred lines Abstract: Heat stress is becoming an eminent constraint of maize production in all the major maize producing regions, including
South Asia. Effect of natural heat stress on flowering, height, grain yield, and other major secondary traits were evaluated
in Hyderabad and Bhubaneswar, India during spring season of 2016. Two hundred and two double haploid (DH) maize
inbred lines were tested for heat tolerance using α-lattice design with two replication. Differences observed for days to
anthesis (AD), days to silking (SD), plant height (PH), ear height (EH), tassel blasting (TB), leaf firing (LF), senescence
(SEN), soil plant analysis development (SPAD) index, and grain yield (GY) among the tested maize lines. The GY of
heat tolerant parent ranged 0.227-0.375 t ha-1 and susceptible tester ranged 0.10-0.15 t ha-1 while grain yield of population
ranged from 0.014 to 0.935 t ha-1. The wider range of genotypic variation was recorded among inbred lines for TB
(205.7-234.3), LF (534.7-559.5), and SEN (132.4-163.4). Moderate to high heritability (0.63 to 0.95) and transgressive
segregations were observed in both directions for these secondary traits. As major and additive genes can be expected
for moderate to high heritability of these traits, selection could be a best tool to be applied for reliable improvement of
maize against heat stress. Indirect selection of the secondary traits can play influential roles in GY improvement of maize
under heat stress. Such information could be useful in inbred lines selection and development of novel heat tolerant
maize hybrids in the futurLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/jafu In-vitro evaluation of commercially available fungicides against Bipolaris sorokiniana, the cause of spot blotch of barley / B. Angdembe in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 3 (2019)
[article]
Title : In-vitro evaluation of commercially available fungicides against Bipolaris sorokiniana, the cause of spot blotch of barley Material Type: printed text Authors: B. Angdembe, Author ; N. Dhakal, Author ; S. G.C., Author ; K. R. Pant, Author ; H. K. Manandhar, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 105-111 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Food poisoned technique, fungicide, spot blotch, Abstract: A laboratory experiment was done to evaluate the effectiveness of commercially available fungicides against spot blotch
pathogen of barley, Bipolaris sorokiniana, at Nepal Polytechnic Institute (NPI), Chitwan, Nepal by employing food
poisoned technique. Fungicides such as Uthane-M45 (mancozeb 75% WP), Blutoxx (copper oxychloride 50% WP), Bavistin
(carbendazim 50% WP), and Thiram (thiram 75% WS) with three concentrations (100 ppm, 200 ppm and 400 ppm) were
included in the experiment. Experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications for each
treatment. The mycelial growth of B. sorokiniana was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days after inoculation. All the fungicides
significantly reduced the mycelial growth of the pathogen as compared to control (without any fungicide) in poisoned culture.
Copper oxychloride at 400 ppm inhibited 83% growth of mycelium of the fungus after 10 days. All the concentrations of
copper oxychloride and 400 ppm of mancozeb were able to inhibit more than 50% of mycelial growth of the fungus. The
results revealed that inhibition percentages were increased with the increase in the concentrations of all fungicides used in
this study. The present results thus suggest that the current recommended doses of copper oxychloride and mancozeb for
foliar application purposes may not be sufficient to manage the disease under field conditions and also for seed treatment.
The recommended doses may need to be re-evaluated.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/12.In-vitro_evaluation_of_commercially_av [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 105-111 p.[article] In-vitro evaluation of commercially available fungicides against Bipolaris sorokiniana, the cause of spot blotch of barley [printed text] / B. Angdembe, Author ; N. Dhakal, Author ; S. G.C., Author ; K. R. Pant, Author ; H. K. Manandhar, Author . - 2020 . - 105-111 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 105-111 p.
Keywords: Food poisoned technique, fungicide, spot blotch, Abstract: A laboratory experiment was done to evaluate the effectiveness of commercially available fungicides against spot blotch
pathogen of barley, Bipolaris sorokiniana, at Nepal Polytechnic Institute (NPI), Chitwan, Nepal by employing food
poisoned technique. Fungicides such as Uthane-M45 (mancozeb 75% WP), Blutoxx (copper oxychloride 50% WP), Bavistin
(carbendazim 50% WP), and Thiram (thiram 75% WS) with three concentrations (100 ppm, 200 ppm and 400 ppm) were
included in the experiment. Experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications for each
treatment. The mycelial growth of B. sorokiniana was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 days after inoculation. All the fungicides
significantly reduced the mycelial growth of the pathogen as compared to control (without any fungicide) in poisoned culture.
Copper oxychloride at 400 ppm inhibited 83% growth of mycelium of the fungus after 10 days. All the concentrations of
copper oxychloride and 400 ppm of mancozeb were able to inhibit more than 50% of mycelial growth of the fungus. The
results revealed that inhibition percentages were increased with the increase in the concentrations of all fungicides used in
this study. The present results thus suggest that the current recommended doses of copper oxychloride and mancozeb for
foliar application purposes may not be sufficient to manage the disease under field conditions and also for seed treatment.
The recommended doses may need to be re-evaluated.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/12.In-vitro_evaluation_of_commercially_av [...] Contribution of dead wood and forest soil to carbon sequestration in Parsa National Park, Nepal / Gandhiv Kafle in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 3 (2019)
[article]
Title : Contribution of dead wood and forest soil to carbon sequestration in Parsa National Park, Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: Gandhiv Kafle, Author ; Y. P. Timilsina, Author ; R. P. Sharma, Author ; M. Rijal, Author ; B. Bartaula, Author ; B. Pokhrel, Author ; V. Thakur, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 113-123 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Carbon storage, line transects, density class, soil organic carbon Abstract: Dead wood and forest soil contribute as a medium for carbon storage and suitable habitat for diverse flora and fauna species.
This study was done with the objective to assess status of dead wood in Parsa National Park (PNP), and to analyze the role
of dead wood and forest soil in carbon sequestration. Line transects and circular sample plots were randomly established;
measurement of down dead wood, standing dead wood, and soil analysis were conducted using standard methods. Dead
wood was categorized into three density class (sound, intermediate, and rotten) based on wood hardness. Total volume and
biomass of dead wood were 39.83 m3
ha-1, and 22.39 t ha-1, respectively, and total carbon stock in dead wood was 10.74 t ha-1.
Total volume of dead wood was dominated by intermediate class (61%) in both standing and down dead woods, followed
by sound (23%), and rotten (16%) density classes. Regarding total carbon stock for each dead wood class in the park,
standing dead wood contributed almost two times more carbon stock than that of down dead wood. All three density classes
were equally responsible in contributing carbon stock in PNP. Formulation and implementation of the localized plans for
management of dead wood are necessary in PNP.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/13._Contribution_of_dead_wood_and_forest_ [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 113-123 p.[article] Contribution of dead wood and forest soil to carbon sequestration in Parsa National Park, Nepal [printed text] / Gandhiv Kafle, Author ; Y. P. Timilsina, Author ; R. P. Sharma, Author ; M. Rijal, Author ; B. Bartaula, Author ; B. Pokhrel, Author ; V. Thakur, Author . - 2020 . - 113-123 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 113-123 p.
Keywords: Carbon storage, line transects, density class, soil organic carbon Abstract: Dead wood and forest soil contribute as a medium for carbon storage and suitable habitat for diverse flora and fauna species.
This study was done with the objective to assess status of dead wood in Parsa National Park (PNP), and to analyze the role
of dead wood and forest soil in carbon sequestration. Line transects and circular sample plots were randomly established;
measurement of down dead wood, standing dead wood, and soil analysis were conducted using standard methods. Dead
wood was categorized into three density class (sound, intermediate, and rotten) based on wood hardness. Total volume and
biomass of dead wood were 39.83 m3
ha-1, and 22.39 t ha-1, respectively, and total carbon stock in dead wood was 10.74 t ha-1.
Total volume of dead wood was dominated by intermediate class (61%) in both standing and down dead woods, followed
by sound (23%), and rotten (16%) density classes. Regarding total carbon stock for each dead wood class in the park,
standing dead wood contributed almost two times more carbon stock than that of down dead wood. All three density classes
were equally responsible in contributing carbon stock in PNP. Formulation and implementation of the localized plans for
management of dead wood are necessary in PNP.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/13._Contribution_of_dead_wood_and_forest_ [...] Leaf litter decomposition and weight loss pattern of five tropical tree species | S. Bhattarai and B. Bhatta / S. Bhattarai in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 3 (2019)
[article]
Title : Leaf litter decomposition and weight loss pattern of five tropical tree species | S. Bhattarai and B. Bhatta Material Type: printed text Authors: S. Bhattarai, Author ; B. Bhatta, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 125-131 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Leaf litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems has a major role in recycling the nutrients to the soil. Various biotic(microorganisms) and abiotic (temperature, rainfall, humidity, seasonal variations) factors affect the rate of litter decomposition.This paper aims to compare leaf litter decomposition and weight loss pattern of five tropical tree species, and assess the effectof temperature and rainfall to the decomposition. A leaf litter bag method was used to assess the decomposition pattern forone year. Both decomposition rate constant (k), and weight loss were highest for Mallotus philippensis (% weight loss =73.49 k = 0.33) and lowest for Shorea robusta (% weight loss = 54.01 k = 0.18). The study showed a significant positivecorrelation between decomposition rate constant (k) and temperature (p = 0.000 r = 0.54) and rainfall (p = 0.000 r = 0.51).The rate of leaf litter decomposition is primarily governed by biological organisms which in turn, get largely affected byclimatic condition, especially temperature and precipitation, and litter quality. Thus, there is a need to analyze properties of leaf litter while using them as compost to get better production. Abstract: Leaf litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems has a major role in recycling the nutrients to the soil. Various biotic
(microorganisms) and abiotic (temperature, rainfall, humidity, seasonal variations) factors affect the rate of litter decomposition.
This paper aims to compare leaf litter decomposition and weight loss pattern of five tropical tree species, and assess the effect
of temperature and rainfall to the decomposition. A leaf litter bag method was used to assess the decomposition pattern for
one year. Both decomposition rate constant (k), and weight loss were highest for Mallotus philippensis (% weight loss =
73.49; k = 0.33) and lowest for Shorea robusta (% weight loss = 54.01; k = 0.18). The study showed a significant positive
correlation between decomposition rate constant (k) and temperature (p = 0.000; r = 0.54) and rainfall (p = 0.000; r = 0.51).
The rate of leaf litter decomposition is primarily governed by biological organisms which in turn, get largely affected by
climatic condition, especially temperature and precipitation, and litter quality. Thus, there is a need to analyze properties of
leaf litter while using them as compost to get better production.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/14.%20Leaf%20litter%20decomposition%20and [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 125-131 p.[article] Leaf litter decomposition and weight loss pattern of five tropical tree species | S. Bhattarai and B. Bhatta [printed text] / S. Bhattarai, Author ; B. Bhatta, Author . - 2020 . - 125-131 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 125-131 p.Assessment of major feed resources and its utilization in Manaslu Conservation Area, Nepal / B. Dhakal in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 3 (2019)
[article]
Title : Assessment of major feed resources and its utilization in Manaslu Conservation Area, Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: B. Dhakal, Author ; S. Subedi, Author ; B. Khanal, Author ; N. R. Devkota, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 133-143 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Altitude Dietary Requirement Carrying Capacity Rangeland Abstract: An assessment was made about the available feed resources, its utilization pattern, specifically, roughage and concentrate,
produced from Manaslu Conservation Area (MCA) of Nepal to formulate the appropriate strategies in satisfying the annual
dietary requirements of the livestock covering its present production and management scenarios. A Comparative study was
done by employing purposively conducted survey to deduct distribution of forage sources in the area. Findings revealed that
natural vegetation, seasonally available crop residues, and dried grasses were major feed resources whereas their contribution
to the total supply varied significantly (p conversion and by using primary household data. Finding revealed that farmers allow significantly higher (p of grazing days and hours per day for large ruminants, such as Yak and Chauries compared with small ruminants, such as
goats and sheep. The findings also indicated seasonal variation of feed supply whereas January to March is the period of short
supply (p supplement for the animals was far below than optimum requirements. These scenarios suggest the need of immediate
attention to improve the range productivity in the MCA as the deteriorating situations of the rangelands may raise questions
on sustainability of livestock herdersLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/15.%20Assessment%20of%20major%20feed%20re [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 133-143 p.[article] Assessment of major feed resources and its utilization in Manaslu Conservation Area, Nepal [printed text] / B. Dhakal, Author ; S. Subedi, Author ; B. Khanal, Author ; N. R. Devkota, Author . - 2020 . - 133-143 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 133-143 p.
Keywords: Altitude Dietary Requirement Carrying Capacity Rangeland Abstract: An assessment was made about the available feed resources, its utilization pattern, specifically, roughage and concentrate,
produced from Manaslu Conservation Area (MCA) of Nepal to formulate the appropriate strategies in satisfying the annual
dietary requirements of the livestock covering its present production and management scenarios. A Comparative study was
done by employing purposively conducted survey to deduct distribution of forage sources in the area. Findings revealed that
natural vegetation, seasonally available crop residues, and dried grasses were major feed resources whereas their contribution
to the total supply varied significantly (p conversion and by using primary household data. Finding revealed that farmers allow significantly higher (p of grazing days and hours per day for large ruminants, such as Yak and Chauries compared with small ruminants, such as
goats and sheep. The findings also indicated seasonal variation of feed supply whereas January to March is the period of short
supply (p supplement for the animals was far below than optimum requirements. These scenarios suggest the need of immediate
attention to improve the range productivity in the MCA as the deteriorating situations of the rangelands may raise questions
on sustainability of livestock herdersLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/15.%20Assessment%20of%20major%20feed%20re [...] Effectiveness of duration of CIDR application on reproductive performance of postpartum anestrous dairy cows / G. Gautam in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 3 (2019)
[article]
Title : Effectiveness of duration of CIDR application on reproductive performance of postpartum anestrous dairy cows Material Type: printed text Authors: G. Gautam, Author ; B. B. Ratna, Author ; A. K. Sah, Author ; B. N. Devkota, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 145-150 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Duration comparison, estrus expression, pregnancy, vaginal electrical resistance Abstract: This study was done to compare the effectiveness of duration of Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR) application on
reproductive performance of postpartum anestrous dairy cows while applying CIDR-PG protocols. Cows (n=19) in a large
commercial dairy farm in Chitwan, Nepal that were not detected in estrus at least until 60 days postpartum were selected
and divided randomly into two treatment groups. The CIDR device containing 1.9 g progesterone was placed into the vagina
of cows for seven days (7-day group, n=10) and for 11 days (11-day group, n=9). One day before the removal of CIDR, all
the cows were treated with PGF2 alpha analogue (Cloprostenol 500 µg). Vaginal electrical resistance (VER) was measured
at 48 hours after CIDR removal. Cows were observed for estrus signs at least three times a day starting from the day of
CIDR removal until five days after that, and those detected in estrus were artificially inseminated (AI) according to am/pm
rule. Pregnancy was diagnosed 60 days after AI using trans-rectal palpation and ultra-sonography. Overall estrus expression
and pregnancy rates were 73.7% and 52.6%, respectively. Estrus expression rate within five days after CIDR removal was
higher (p There was no effect of Body Conditioning Score (BCS), breed, ovarian status before treatment on estrus expression rate and
pregnancy outcome. There was a tendency (p cows. Moreover, the pregnancy rate tended to be higher in cows with high VER than in cows with low VER. In conclusion,
while applying CIDR-PG protocol, application of CIDR for 7 days was more effective than for 11 days on inducing estrus in
postpartum anestrous cows while pregnancy rate was not different between two CIDR application durations.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/jafu
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 145-150 p.[article] Effectiveness of duration of CIDR application on reproductive performance of postpartum anestrous dairy cows [printed text] / G. Gautam, Author ; B. B. Ratna, Author ; A. K. Sah, Author ; B. N. Devkota, Author . - 2020 . - 145-150 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 145-150 p.
Keywords: Duration comparison, estrus expression, pregnancy, vaginal electrical resistance Abstract: This study was done to compare the effectiveness of duration of Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR) application on
reproductive performance of postpartum anestrous dairy cows while applying CIDR-PG protocols. Cows (n=19) in a large
commercial dairy farm in Chitwan, Nepal that were not detected in estrus at least until 60 days postpartum were selected
and divided randomly into two treatment groups. The CIDR device containing 1.9 g progesterone was placed into the vagina
of cows for seven days (7-day group, n=10) and for 11 days (11-day group, n=9). One day before the removal of CIDR, all
the cows were treated with PGF2 alpha analogue (Cloprostenol 500 µg). Vaginal electrical resistance (VER) was measured
at 48 hours after CIDR removal. Cows were observed for estrus signs at least three times a day starting from the day of
CIDR removal until five days after that, and those detected in estrus were artificially inseminated (AI) according to am/pm
rule. Pregnancy was diagnosed 60 days after AI using trans-rectal palpation and ultra-sonography. Overall estrus expression
and pregnancy rates were 73.7% and 52.6%, respectively. Estrus expression rate within five days after CIDR removal was
higher (p There was no effect of Body Conditioning Score (BCS), breed, ovarian status before treatment on estrus expression rate and
pregnancy outcome. There was a tendency (p cows. Moreover, the pregnancy rate tended to be higher in cows with high VER than in cows with low VER. In conclusion,
while applying CIDR-PG protocol, application of CIDR for 7 days was more effective than for 11 days on inducing estrus in
postpartum anestrous cows while pregnancy rate was not different between two CIDR application durations.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/jafu Response of irrigation and plant bio-regulators spray on seed yield and quality of Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) / R. P. Ghimire in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 3 (2019)
[article]
Title : Response of irrigation and plant bio-regulators spray on seed yield and quality of Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) Material Type: printed text Authors: R. P. Ghimire, Author ; N. R. Devkota, Author ; D. Devkota, Author ; M. P. Sharma, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 151-158 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Seed attributing characters, germination, test weight, seedling vigor Abstract: Lower seed yield and quality is one of the major issues of the Egyptian clover cultivation in Nepal. In order to develop
technologies to increase the seed yield, and to improve the seed quality, an experiment was done in the Regional Agricultural
Research Station, Khajura, Banke, Nepal during November, 2017 to May, 2018, by using Randomized Complete Block
Design with four replications. Treatments composed of two factors combination of irrigation (zero irrigation, and two times
irrigations after cutting for fodder); and spraying of plant bio-regulators (no spray, and two times foliar spray of plant bioregulators at the pre-flowering stage). The plot size was 12 m2
. The parameters measured included seed yield, biological
yield of whole plant above ground level, seed attributing characters, and seed quality. The irrigation and application of plant
bio-regulators alone, significantly (p characters of the seed. Thus the results of this experiment revealed that providing two irrigations to the Egyptian clover in 15 days interval after taking one cutting for fodder in 60 days after sowing, and two times foliar spray of plant bio-regulators in seven days interval at pre-flowering stage could increase its seed yield and overall seed quality aspects.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/jafu
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 151-158 p.[article] Response of irrigation and plant bio-regulators spray on seed yield and quality of Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) [printed text] / R. P. Ghimire, Author ; N. R. Devkota, Author ; D. Devkota, Author ; M. P. Sharma, Author . - 2020 . - 151-158 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 151-158 p.
Keywords: Seed attributing characters, germination, test weight, seedling vigor Abstract: Lower seed yield and quality is one of the major issues of the Egyptian clover cultivation in Nepal. In order to develop
technologies to increase the seed yield, and to improve the seed quality, an experiment was done in the Regional Agricultural
Research Station, Khajura, Banke, Nepal during November, 2017 to May, 2018, by using Randomized Complete Block
Design with four replications. Treatments composed of two factors combination of irrigation (zero irrigation, and two times
irrigations after cutting for fodder); and spraying of plant bio-regulators (no spray, and two times foliar spray of plant bioregulators at the pre-flowering stage). The plot size was 12 m2
. The parameters measured included seed yield, biological
yield of whole plant above ground level, seed attributing characters, and seed quality. The irrigation and application of plant
bio-regulators alone, significantly (p characters of the seed. Thus the results of this experiment revealed that providing two irrigations to the Egyptian clover in 15 days interval after taking one cutting for fodder in 60 days after sowing, and two times foliar spray of plant bio-regulators in seven days interval at pre-flowering stage could increase its seed yield and overall seed quality aspects.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/jafu Nepal livestock feed balance and strategies to address the feed deficit / S. B. Singh in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 3 (2019)
[article]
Title : Nepal livestock feed balance and strategies to address the feed deficit Material Type: printed text Authors: S. B. Singh, Author ; N. Singh, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 159-171 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Livestock Units, ecological belts, province, land leasing Abstract: A study was done in 2019 with the objective of assessing the livestock feed balance in Nepal. The land use data generated by
ICIMOD in 2010 was utilized to asses the land resources, and the Land Resource Mapping Project (LRMP) (1986) remained
the main source of data to estimate the Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN) supplies from forests, shrub lands, grasslands,
croplands (including weeds), and barren lands, plus kitchen wastes as animal feeds. Crop data of the Ministry of Agriculture
and Livestock Development (MoALD) (2016/17) were utilized to estimate the TDN supply from crop residues and milling byproducts and the livestock data to estimate livestock feed requirements. The findings revealed that there have been significant
increases in livestock population and their TDN requirements since 80’s, but greater increases could be observed in TDN
supply from crop by-products and milling by-products due to increased food crop production. Consequently, the deficit feed
balance (TDN) at national level has dropped from 30.9% in the 1980’s to 20.05% in 2016/17. By ecological belt, the feed
deficit was the highest in the mid hills (-24.09%) followed by terai (-18.91%). The feed situation in the high hills was not too poor (-3.56%). Province one, and three were at severe situation of feed deficit, at -30.48%, and -38.44%, respectively. Feed deficit in the remaining provinces ranged from -9.19% to -15.85%, but a positive balance exists in province six (+6.35%).
Recommendations are made to improve livestock feed balance in the countryLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/18.%20Nepal%20livestock%20feed%20balance% [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 159-171 p.[article] Nepal livestock feed balance and strategies to address the feed deficit [printed text] / S. B. Singh, Author ; N. Singh, Author . - 2020 . - 159-171 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 159-171 p.
Keywords: Livestock Units, ecological belts, province, land leasing Abstract: A study was done in 2019 with the objective of assessing the livestock feed balance in Nepal. The land use data generated by
ICIMOD in 2010 was utilized to asses the land resources, and the Land Resource Mapping Project (LRMP) (1986) remained
the main source of data to estimate the Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN) supplies from forests, shrub lands, grasslands,
croplands (including weeds), and barren lands, plus kitchen wastes as animal feeds. Crop data of the Ministry of Agriculture
and Livestock Development (MoALD) (2016/17) were utilized to estimate the TDN supply from crop residues and milling byproducts and the livestock data to estimate livestock feed requirements. The findings revealed that there have been significant
increases in livestock population and their TDN requirements since 80’s, but greater increases could be observed in TDN
supply from crop by-products and milling by-products due to increased food crop production. Consequently, the deficit feed
balance (TDN) at national level has dropped from 30.9% in the 1980’s to 20.05% in 2016/17. By ecological belt, the feed
deficit was the highest in the mid hills (-24.09%) followed by terai (-18.91%). The feed situation in the high hills was not too poor (-3.56%). Province one, and three were at severe situation of feed deficit, at -30.48%, and -38.44%, respectively. Feed deficit in the remaining provinces ranged from -9.19% to -15.85%, but a positive balance exists in province six (+6.35%).
Recommendations are made to improve livestock feed balance in the countryLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/18.%20Nepal%20livestock%20feed%20balance% [...] Performance of locally formulated low cost feeds for rearing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum, 1792) fry in Nepal / G. B. Gurung in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 3 (2019)
[article]
Title : Performance of locally formulated low cost feeds for rearing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum, 1792) fry in Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: G. B. Gurung, Author ; S. Rai, Author ; A. P. Nepal, Author ; K. Gharti, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 173-179 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Shrimp, stinging nettle, silkworm, survival, feed cost Abstract: Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) farming is the only promising cold water aquaculture in Nepal, but its
farming is constrained by availability of quality and quantity of feed. An experiment was done to evaluate the performance
of locally formulated low cost nutritious feeds for rainbow trout fry at Fisheries Research Center, Trishuli for 3 months.
The experiment included four treatments i) T1- control, shrimp based feed, ii) T2 - shrimp+amino acids based feed, iii) T3 -
shrimp+stinging nettle based feed, and iv) T4 - silkworm based feed. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Fry was stocked
in raceways of 1 m2
at 200 fry/m2
density and fed at the satiation for 6 times in a day from 7.00 am to 5.00 pm. Proximate
analysis showed that crude protein was 42.8% in T1, 42.0% in T2, 41.7% in T3 and 39.8% in T4 feeds. Growth of fry and
food conversion ratio were significantly better (p respective feeds while feed cost was significantly (p and gross margin T1 feed was found to be better among experimental feeds.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/jafu
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 173-179 p.[article] Performance of locally formulated low cost feeds for rearing rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum, 1792) fry in Nepal [printed text] / G. B. Gurung, Author ; S. Rai, Author ; A. P. Nepal, Author ; K. Gharti, Author . - 2020 . - 173-179 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 3 (2019) . - 173-179 p.
Keywords: Shrimp, stinging nettle, silkworm, survival, feed cost Abstract: Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) farming is the only promising cold water aquaculture in Nepal, but its
farming is constrained by availability of quality and quantity of feed. An experiment was done to evaluate the performance
of locally formulated low cost nutritious feeds for rainbow trout fry at Fisheries Research Center, Trishuli for 3 months.
The experiment included four treatments i) T1- control, shrimp based feed, ii) T2 - shrimp+amino acids based feed, iii) T3 -
shrimp+stinging nettle based feed, and iv) T4 - silkworm based feed. Each treatment was replicated thrice. Fry was stocked
in raceways of 1 m2
at 200 fry/m2
density and fed at the satiation for 6 times in a day from 7.00 am to 5.00 pm. Proximate
analysis showed that crude protein was 42.8% in T1, 42.0% in T2, 41.7% in T3 and 39.8% in T4 feeds. Growth of fry and
food conversion ratio were significantly better (p respective feeds while feed cost was significantly (p and gross margin T1 feed was found to be better among experimental feeds.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/jafu