[number or issue]
[number or issue]
Volume 2 - 2018 [printed text] . - 2018. Languages : English (eng)
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Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University / AFU . Volume 2Period included : 2018Published date : 08/23/2018 |
Available articles
Add the result to your basketAssociation of nutritional status to reproductive performance in buffaloes / B. Devkota in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Association of nutritional status to reproductive performance in buffaloes Material Type: printed text Authors: B. Devkota, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 1-7 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Anestrus Buffalo Nutrition Reproduction Season Link for e-copy: http://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Association_of_nutritional_status_to_repro [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 1-7 p.[article] Association of nutritional status to reproductive performance in buffaloes [printed text] / B. Devkota, Author . - 2018 . - 1-7 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 1-7 p.
Keywords: Anestrus Buffalo Nutrition Reproduction Season Link for e-copy: http://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Association_of_nutritional_status_to_repro [...] Can organic materials supply enough nutrients to achieve food security? / J. Timsina in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Can organic materials supply enough nutrients to achieve food security? Material Type: printed text Authors: J. Timsina, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 9-21 p. Languages : English (eng) Link for e-copy: http://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Can_organic_materials_supply_enough_nutrie [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 9-21 p.[article] Can organic materials supply enough nutrients to achieve food security? [printed text] / J. Timsina, Author . - 2018 . - 9-21 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 9-21 p.
Link for e-copy: http://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Can_organic_materials_supply_enough_nutrie [...] Current diagnostic techniques of Mycobacterium avium sub sp. paratuberculosis in domestic ruminants / S. Singh in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Current diagnostic techniques of Mycobacterium avium sub sp. paratuberculosis in domestic ruminants Material Type: printed text Authors: S. Singh, Author ; I. P. Dhakal, Author ; U. M. Singh, Author ; B. Devkota, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 23-34 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Paratuberculosis, molecular, culture, ELISA, PCR, MAP Abstract: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne’s disease (JD), a chronic
wasting disease in cattle with important welfare, economic and potential public health implications.
Current laboratory tests are unable to recognize all stages of the disease, which makes it difficult to
diagnose and control the disease. Methods such as fecal smear, acid-fast stain, bacterial culture and
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests are used as direct tests while detection of host response that
includes clinical signs in combination with gross and microscopic pathology and immunologic markers
of infection that include antibody response to MAP (serology), delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH)
reaction, lymphocyte proliferation, and increased cytokine (IFN-γ) production- are the indirect ways
to diagnose MAP infection. For effective control, early and confirmatory diagnosis is quite important.
Despite considerable research effort, all methods are fraught with difficulties that have impeded the
control and eradication of paratuberculosis. This article briefly reviews the recent diagnostic tests
available for diagnosis of MAP which can facilitate clinician’s ability to apply the results and evaluate
the test sensitivity and specificity to compare the accuracy of different tests in detecting MAP.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Current_diagnostic_techniques_of_Mycobact [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 23-34 p.[article] Current diagnostic techniques of Mycobacterium avium sub sp. paratuberculosis in domestic ruminants [printed text] / S. Singh, Author ; I. P. Dhakal, Author ; U. M. Singh, Author ; B. Devkota, Author . - 2018 . - 23-34 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 23-34 p.
Keywords: Paratuberculosis, molecular, culture, ELISA, PCR, MAP Abstract: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne’s disease (JD), a chronic
wasting disease in cattle with important welfare, economic and potential public health implications.
Current laboratory tests are unable to recognize all stages of the disease, which makes it difficult to
diagnose and control the disease. Methods such as fecal smear, acid-fast stain, bacterial culture and
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests are used as direct tests while detection of host response that
includes clinical signs in combination with gross and microscopic pathology and immunologic markers
of infection that include antibody response to MAP (serology), delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH)
reaction, lymphocyte proliferation, and increased cytokine (IFN-γ) production- are the indirect ways
to diagnose MAP infection. For effective control, early and confirmatory diagnosis is quite important.
Despite considerable research effort, all methods are fraught with difficulties that have impeded the
control and eradication of paratuberculosis. This article briefly reviews the recent diagnostic tests
available for diagnosis of MAP which can facilitate clinician’s ability to apply the results and evaluate
the test sensitivity and specificity to compare the accuracy of different tests in detecting MAP.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Current_diagnostic_techniques_of_Mycobact [...] Effects of climate change on mountainous agricultural system in Makwanpur, Nepal / A.P. Subedi in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Effects of climate change on mountainous agricultural system in Makwanpur, Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: A.P. Subedi, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 35-44 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Adaptation, mitigation, perception, temperature Abstract: Climate change is one of the burning issues of this era for sustainable development which has great
impact on ecosystem and agriculture. Changes in climatic factors such as temperature, solar radiation
and precipitation has great potentials to influence on cropping system, landscape and biodiversity of
hilly areas. In this context, this study was done covering randomly selected 60 farming households
in Makawanpur district of Nepal with the objectives to assess trend of change in climatic variables,
adaptation strategies at farmers’ level, effect on cropping system and their impact on crop productivity.
The findings revealed that about 45 percent respondents had knowledge on climate change, and
knowledgeable households have adopted climate change adaptation strategy against negative effects.
Likewise they were more pro-active to perceive weather change pattern and suitable practices in
agricultural sector. Most of the weather variables such as temperature, rainfall and hailstorm have been
trending towards the undesirable direction. Among farming households, the decrease in productivity,
change in harvesting, change in crop variety, and change in sowing time have been perceived and
realized by 26.7, 23, 47 and 30 percent respondents, respectively. To adapt to the changing context
of climate, adaptation practices such as mulching (13%), hedge row planting (7%), change in crop
variety (35%), and change in harvesting time (15%) have been practicing by the farmers with the
resultant increase in productivity as revealed for about 30 of percent households. Introduction of new
varieties, irrigation facilities and other relevant climate smart technologies are suggested to generate
and adapt practices in order to maintain the sustainability of mountainous agricultural system, and for
the promotion of livelihoods of farming communities inhabiting in the mountainsLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Effects_of_climate_change_on_mountainous_ [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 35-44 p.[article] Effects of climate change on mountainous agricultural system in Makwanpur, Nepal [printed text] / A.P. Subedi, Author . - 2018 . - 35-44 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 35-44 p.
Keywords: Adaptation, mitigation, perception, temperature Abstract: Climate change is one of the burning issues of this era for sustainable development which has great
impact on ecosystem and agriculture. Changes in climatic factors such as temperature, solar radiation
and precipitation has great potentials to influence on cropping system, landscape and biodiversity of
hilly areas. In this context, this study was done covering randomly selected 60 farming households
in Makawanpur district of Nepal with the objectives to assess trend of change in climatic variables,
adaptation strategies at farmers’ level, effect on cropping system and their impact on crop productivity.
The findings revealed that about 45 percent respondents had knowledge on climate change, and
knowledgeable households have adopted climate change adaptation strategy against negative effects.
Likewise they were more pro-active to perceive weather change pattern and suitable practices in
agricultural sector. Most of the weather variables such as temperature, rainfall and hailstorm have been
trending towards the undesirable direction. Among farming households, the decrease in productivity,
change in harvesting, change in crop variety, and change in sowing time have been perceived and
realized by 26.7, 23, 47 and 30 percent respondents, respectively. To adapt to the changing context
of climate, adaptation practices such as mulching (13%), hedge row planting (7%), change in crop
variety (35%), and change in harvesting time (15%) have been practicing by the farmers with the
resultant increase in productivity as revealed for about 30 of percent households. Introduction of new
varieties, irrigation facilities and other relevant climate smart technologies are suggested to generate
and adapt practices in order to maintain the sustainability of mountainous agricultural system, and for
the promotion of livelihoods of farming communities inhabiting in the mountainsLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Effects_of_climate_change_on_mountainous_ [...] Assessment of gender involvement and decisions in agriculture activities of rural Nepal / D. Devkota in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Assessment of gender involvement and decisions in agriculture activities of rural Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: D. Devkota, Author ; I. P. Kadariya, Author ; A. Khatri-Chhetri, Author ; N. R. Devkota, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 45-52 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Agriculture, gender, decisions, roles, rural household Abstract: Agriculture, in the typical Nepalese rural household- is the major pillar for livelihood whereas strong
relationship exists between gender and agricultural activities as in the case of most of the other
developing countries. Under this context, a study was done to understand about gender role scenario
in relation to the involvement and decisions, especially to agricultural practices in the rural agrarian
system of Nepal. Accordingly a total of 500 households were used to collect household related
information. All the 500 respondents household were randomly selected across the five districts of
Nepal, namely, 105 from Chitwan, 103 from Kaski, 105 from Kathmandu, 87 from Morang, and
100 from Rupendehi. Findings showed that agricultural activates have been changing as revealed by
empirical evidences gathered in this study. It was clearly revealed about joint involvement of male
and female in most of the agricultural activities, indicating a clear shift of gender paradigm from
either male or female alone dominating to the joint involvement. Changed scenario in involvement
thus suggest a need to consider this situation if agriculture productivity has to be linked with its allied
aspects, such as input management; labour, cultivation practices as well as extension services. On
the other hand, it was also equally learnt that gendered decisions in most of the activities on crops
and livestock have been changing from single domination of either male or female towards joint
participation of both. This firmly indicated the need to view gender roles as of changing process in
order to adjust with appropriate planning and execution of the related development activities so that
gender related issues would be rightly considered in the development endeavor.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Assessment_of_gender_involvement_and_deci [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 45-52 p.[article] Assessment of gender involvement and decisions in agriculture activities of rural Nepal [printed text] / D. Devkota, Author ; I. P. Kadariya, Author ; A. Khatri-Chhetri, Author ; N. R. Devkota, Author . - 2018 . - 45-52 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 45-52 p.
Keywords: Agriculture, gender, decisions, roles, rural household Abstract: Agriculture, in the typical Nepalese rural household- is the major pillar for livelihood whereas strong
relationship exists between gender and agricultural activities as in the case of most of the other
developing countries. Under this context, a study was done to understand about gender role scenario
in relation to the involvement and decisions, especially to agricultural practices in the rural agrarian
system of Nepal. Accordingly a total of 500 households were used to collect household related
information. All the 500 respondents household were randomly selected across the five districts of
Nepal, namely, 105 from Chitwan, 103 from Kaski, 105 from Kathmandu, 87 from Morang, and
100 from Rupendehi. Findings showed that agricultural activates have been changing as revealed by
empirical evidences gathered in this study. It was clearly revealed about joint involvement of male
and female in most of the agricultural activities, indicating a clear shift of gender paradigm from
either male or female alone dominating to the joint involvement. Changed scenario in involvement
thus suggest a need to consider this situation if agriculture productivity has to be linked with its allied
aspects, such as input management; labour, cultivation practices as well as extension services. On
the other hand, it was also equally learnt that gendered decisions in most of the activities on crops
and livestock have been changing from single domination of either male or female towards joint
participation of both. This firmly indicated the need to view gender roles as of changing process in
order to adjust with appropriate planning and execution of the related development activities so that
gender related issues would be rightly considered in the development endeavor.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Assessment_of_gender_involvement_and_deci [...] Gender roles in decision-making across the generation and ethnicity / D. Devkota in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Gender roles in decision-making across the generation and ethnicity Material Type: printed text Authors: D. Devkota, Author ; K. N. Pyakuryal, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 53-62 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Gender, decisions, generation, ethnicity, change Abstract: A study was conducted in Khairahani VDC of Chitwan district during 2007 to 2010 to compare and
analyze gender roles in relation to agriculture and household decisions across the generations and
ethnicity. This study employs both qualitative and quantitative approaches for data collection using
household survey, focus group discussion, and case study. A reconnaissance survey was done to help
determine sample households. Accordingly, 150 Tharu households and 181 non-Tharu households
were purposively identified and used in the study by following a standard questionnaire survey. A
total of 331 households and 662 individuals covering both Tharu and non-Tharu were interviewed
across the old and young generation of respective ethnicity, and their responses were analyzed in
terms of level of involvement in decision-making process at the household level. Old generation
people were those having 50 years and above age whereas the young generation was defined as those
between the ages of 25 to 49 years during the time of study. This study covered agricultural land use
and household labour allocation decision; crop production and marketing; livestock rearing; family
care and management, and income generation and migration related decisions from generation as
well as ethnicity perspective. The major impression of the findings was such that agricultural land
use and labour allocation decision was evident by more than four-fifths of the male domination in
the past, but at present it is almost exclusively for jointly done among Tharus whereas this scenario
equally been reflective in the case of non-Tharus as well. Likewise, crop production and marketingrelated decisions in the case of Tharus was also distinctly visible in favor of joint decision which
was a remarkable change in decisions from male alone dominating in the past. Indeed, with the less
extent, similar changes were observed among non-Tharu for crop production and marketing decisions.
The decision on livestock rearing activities well followed the trend of changing gender roles from
either male alone or female alone to jointly done with the similar findings for the broad decisions
on family care and management, income generation, and migration. This firmly indicated that as in
the case of other aspects, gender roles should also be viewed as of changing process necessitating to
consider such changes to adjust with appropriate planning and execution of the related development
activities so that gender related issues would be rightly addressed in terms of decisions, participation
and implementation.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Gender_roles_in_decision-making_across_th [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 53-62 p.[article] Gender roles in decision-making across the generation and ethnicity [printed text] / D. Devkota, Author ; K. N. Pyakuryal, Author . - 2018 . - 53-62 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 53-62 p.
Keywords: Gender, decisions, generation, ethnicity, change Abstract: A study was conducted in Khairahani VDC of Chitwan district during 2007 to 2010 to compare and
analyze gender roles in relation to agriculture and household decisions across the generations and
ethnicity. This study employs both qualitative and quantitative approaches for data collection using
household survey, focus group discussion, and case study. A reconnaissance survey was done to help
determine sample households. Accordingly, 150 Tharu households and 181 non-Tharu households
were purposively identified and used in the study by following a standard questionnaire survey. A
total of 331 households and 662 individuals covering both Tharu and non-Tharu were interviewed
across the old and young generation of respective ethnicity, and their responses were analyzed in
terms of level of involvement in decision-making process at the household level. Old generation
people were those having 50 years and above age whereas the young generation was defined as those
between the ages of 25 to 49 years during the time of study. This study covered agricultural land use
and household labour allocation decision; crop production and marketing; livestock rearing; family
care and management, and income generation and migration related decisions from generation as
well as ethnicity perspective. The major impression of the findings was such that agricultural land
use and labour allocation decision was evident by more than four-fifths of the male domination in
the past, but at present it is almost exclusively for jointly done among Tharus whereas this scenario
equally been reflective in the case of non-Tharus as well. Likewise, crop production and marketingrelated decisions in the case of Tharus was also distinctly visible in favor of joint decision which
was a remarkable change in decisions from male alone dominating in the past. Indeed, with the less
extent, similar changes were observed among non-Tharu for crop production and marketing decisions.
The decision on livestock rearing activities well followed the trend of changing gender roles from
either male alone or female alone to jointly done with the similar findings for the broad decisions
on family care and management, income generation, and migration. This firmly indicated that as in
the case of other aspects, gender roles should also be viewed as of changing process necessitating to
consider such changes to adjust with appropriate planning and execution of the related development
activities so that gender related issues would be rightly addressed in terms of decisions, participation
and implementation.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Gender_roles_in_decision-making_across_th [...] Out-migration and remittances in Nepal: Is this boon or bane? / R.R. Kattel in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Out-migration and remittances in Nepal: Is this boon or bane? Material Type: printed text Authors: R.R. Kattel, Author ; Upadhyay, Nisha, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 63-72 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Agricultural production, income function, Nepal, Probit Abstract: Out-migration of labour force and remittance earning are common phenomenon in current Nepalese
economy. However, there is lack of information on its socio-economic implication including
agricultural production and effective management of remittance. This research attempts to examine
the impacts of remittance earning and out migration on socio-economic condition and agricultural
production in Nepal. Farm and household level data were obtained from Nawalparasi and Dhading
districts of Nepal during 2013. The research employed the Probit and multi-regression income models
to gauge the determinants of remittance earning and its impact on the farm income. The results from
the Probit model revealed that household size and extension services played a significant and positive
role on household decision to migrate members for better job opportunity to aboard. However,
farm income and poor had negatively significant determinant on the household decision to migrate.
Findings from income function econometric model identified that the household members migration
dummy had negatively significant on farm income while controlling extension services, total land
holding and poor dummy variables. Finding revealed that the farm income decreased by 358% among
migrated households as compared to non-migrant households. Findings of this research suggests
that government and policy makers should develop better policy to utilize remittance and promote
commercial agriculture farming to cope the bane situation of Nepalese agriculture.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Out-migration_and_remittances_in_Nepal_Is [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 63-72 p.[article] Out-migration and remittances in Nepal: Is this boon or bane? [printed text] / R.R. Kattel, Author ; Upadhyay, Nisha, Author . - 2018 . - 63-72 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 63-72 p.
Keywords: Agricultural production, income function, Nepal, Probit Abstract: Out-migration of labour force and remittance earning are common phenomenon in current Nepalese
economy. However, there is lack of information on its socio-economic implication including
agricultural production and effective management of remittance. This research attempts to examine
the impacts of remittance earning and out migration on socio-economic condition and agricultural
production in Nepal. Farm and household level data were obtained from Nawalparasi and Dhading
districts of Nepal during 2013. The research employed the Probit and multi-regression income models
to gauge the determinants of remittance earning and its impact on the farm income. The results from
the Probit model revealed that household size and extension services played a significant and positive
role on household decision to migrate members for better job opportunity to aboard. However,
farm income and poor had negatively significant determinant on the household decision to migrate.
Findings from income function econometric model identified that the household members migration
dummy had negatively significant on farm income while controlling extension services, total land
holding and poor dummy variables. Finding revealed that the farm income decreased by 358% among
migrated households as compared to non-migrant households. Findings of this research suggests
that government and policy makers should develop better policy to utilize remittance and promote
commercial agriculture farming to cope the bane situation of Nepalese agriculture.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Out-migration_and_remittances_in_Nepal_Is [...] Economic valuation of pollination service in Chitwan, Nepal / S. C. Dhakal in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Economic valuation of pollination service in Chitwan, Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: S. C. Dhakal, Author Publication Date: 2018 Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Bioeconomic approach, consumers' surplus, pollinators' decline, vulnerability Abstract: Pollination is a regulatory and production form of ecosystem service. In the global scenario of
declining pollinators, the study on potential consequential economic loss and ways to conserve them
are essential. In this context, this study was conducted to estimate the economic value of pollination and
vulnerability of agriculture to pollinator decline in Chitwan district of Nepal. Bioeconomic approach,
which integrated the production dependence ratio on pollinators with total economic value, for the food
crops grown in the district was used to assess the economic value of pollination. The total economic
value of pollination in the study district accounted to about NRs. 999 millions which represented
11% of the total value of the agricultural production used for human food in 2014 in Chitwan district.
In terms of welfare, the consumer surplus losses were estimated as NRs. 1,893 millions and NRs.
3,102 millions for assumed price elasticities of − 1.2 and − 0.8, respectively. Vegetables (48.8%)
were the leading crop category in value of insect pollination and vulnerability, followed by edible
oil crops (24.9%), fruit (9.4%) and pulses (1.8%). Hence, it is recommended that farmers, policy
makers, researchers and other stakeholders are to be mindful of such great value of pollination and its
vulnerability to protect pollinators and sustain the environment along with promotion of the peoples’
livelihoods.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Economic_valuation_of_pollination_service [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018)[article] Economic valuation of pollination service in Chitwan, Nepal [printed text] / S. C. Dhakal, Author . - 2018.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018)
Keywords: Bioeconomic approach, consumers' surplus, pollinators' decline, vulnerability Abstract: Pollination is a regulatory and production form of ecosystem service. In the global scenario of
declining pollinators, the study on potential consequential economic loss and ways to conserve them
are essential. In this context, this study was conducted to estimate the economic value of pollination and
vulnerability of agriculture to pollinator decline in Chitwan district of Nepal. Bioeconomic approach,
which integrated the production dependence ratio on pollinators with total economic value, for the food
crops grown in the district was used to assess the economic value of pollination. The total economic
value of pollination in the study district accounted to about NRs. 999 millions which represented
11% of the total value of the agricultural production used for human food in 2014 in Chitwan district.
In terms of welfare, the consumer surplus losses were estimated as NRs. 1,893 millions and NRs.
3,102 millions for assumed price elasticities of − 1.2 and − 0.8, respectively. Vegetables (48.8%)
were the leading crop category in value of insect pollination and vulnerability, followed by edible
oil crops (24.9%), fruit (9.4%) and pulses (1.8%). Hence, it is recommended that farmers, policy
makers, researchers and other stakeholders are to be mindful of such great value of pollination and its
vulnerability to protect pollinators and sustain the environment along with promotion of the peoples’
livelihoods.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Economic_valuation_of_pollination_service [...] Behavioral practices of supply chain actors on quality maintenance of raw milk in Nepal / U. Tiwari in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Behavioral practices of supply chain actors on quality maintenance of raw milk in Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: U. Tiwari, Author ; K. P. Paudel, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 79-89 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Milk quality, raw milk, collection center, milk chilling center Abstract: The quality of milk produced and marketed in Nepal is of sub-standard quality. Behavioral practices of
the persons involved in milk production and handling influence the quality of milk. Recognizing this
as an important factor, the study was conducted to assess the existing setups and behavioral practices
of value chain actors - farmers, collection centers, transporters, and milk chilling centers - engaged in
the raw milk supply chain. The study was carried out on 231 dairy households (selected randomly), 38
collection centers, 25 transporters, and 19 milk chilling centers operating within the network of six milk
supply chains in Bara, Kavre, Makawanpur, Nawalparasi and Tanahun districts. The findings revealed
that the adoptions of good husbandry and hygienic practices at all the levels were below acceptance.
Mainly, the management of collection centers was poor in all aspects of the quality requirements.
There was an inadequate awareness, and lack of required knowledge and skills in handling milk
among collection center personnel (about 31% without any training). The infrastructure, utensils,
equipments and facilities at collection centers were of primitive state; many of them of non-food
grade that are likely to add further contaminants in collected milk. Time management at the collection
centers (average milk holding time 2.8 hours) was also inefficient. All the collection centers and milk
chilling centers must improve their facilities and reorganize their collection schedule so that the milk
reaches milk chilling centers within a stipulated time of about three hours of milking at the farmLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Behavioral_practices_of_supply_chain_acto [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 79-89 p.[article] Behavioral practices of supply chain actors on quality maintenance of raw milk in Nepal [printed text] / U. Tiwari, Author ; K. P. Paudel, Author . - 2018 . - 79-89 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 79-89 p.
Keywords: Milk quality, raw milk, collection center, milk chilling center Abstract: The quality of milk produced and marketed in Nepal is of sub-standard quality. Behavioral practices of
the persons involved in milk production and handling influence the quality of milk. Recognizing this
as an important factor, the study was conducted to assess the existing setups and behavioral practices
of value chain actors - farmers, collection centers, transporters, and milk chilling centers - engaged in
the raw milk supply chain. The study was carried out on 231 dairy households (selected randomly), 38
collection centers, 25 transporters, and 19 milk chilling centers operating within the network of six milk
supply chains in Bara, Kavre, Makawanpur, Nawalparasi and Tanahun districts. The findings revealed
that the adoptions of good husbandry and hygienic practices at all the levels were below acceptance.
Mainly, the management of collection centers was poor in all aspects of the quality requirements.
There was an inadequate awareness, and lack of required knowledge and skills in handling milk
among collection center personnel (about 31% without any training). The infrastructure, utensils,
equipments and facilities at collection centers were of primitive state; many of them of non-food
grade that are likely to add further contaminants in collected milk. Time management at the collection
centers (average milk holding time 2.8 hours) was also inefficient. All the collection centers and milk
chilling centers must improve their facilities and reorganize their collection schedule so that the milk
reaches milk chilling centers within a stipulated time of about three hours of milking at the farmLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Behavioral_practices_of_supply_chain_acto [...] Livelihood improvement through women empowerment for a broader transformation in the way of living A case of Churia area / Y. Humagain in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Livelihood improvement through women empowerment for a broader transformation in the way of living A case of Churia area Material Type: printed text Authors: Y. Humagain, Author ; D. Devkota, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 91-99 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Women, livelihood, empowerment, assets, transformation Abstract: A study was conducted in three program coverage districts of CARE NEPAL implemented livelihood
improvement project in Kapilbastu, Chitwan, and Makawanpur with the main objective to understand
the extent of economic empowerment activities affecting women’s ‘meaningful participation’. The
other objective was to determine the socio-economic condition of households considering impact of
loan and repaid system also to determine profit, or loss of each household associated with their income
generating activities. Besides, emphasis was also given to determine achievements in terms of social,
economic, physical, humanitarian and natural assets with the understanding of degree of changed
expectations of each household before starting business with the achievements they got after. About
20 percent sample size was covered from all the VDCs and Municipalities along with 399 benefited
women. Individual interview questionnaire schedule was prepared after discussion with the CARE
Nepal team, mainly focusing on livelihood areas whereas comparative analysis of data obtained from
each area was done and further results and suggestions were highlighted. Findings revealed a greater
achievement towards humanitarian assets in the study area, but comparatively lower in natural and
financial assets. The natural asset, such as land is least in all districts as compared to the other natural
assets. People of Chitwan have greater income source whereas people of Makawanpur have greater
saving, trade and greater capability to spend. Those revolving fund provided by the project has resulted
great change in the life of local people. Livelihood improvement through women empowerment had a
positive impact in general, that fairly suggest the ground to employ similar approach in addressing the
case for the improvement of rural livelihood with a proper intervention.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Livelihood_improvement_through_women_empo [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 91-99 p.[article] Livelihood improvement through women empowerment for a broader transformation in the way of living A case of Churia area [printed text] / Y. Humagain, Author ; D. Devkota, Author . - 2018 . - 91-99 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 91-99 p.
Keywords: Women, livelihood, empowerment, assets, transformation Abstract: A study was conducted in three program coverage districts of CARE NEPAL implemented livelihood
improvement project in Kapilbastu, Chitwan, and Makawanpur with the main objective to understand
the extent of economic empowerment activities affecting women’s ‘meaningful participation’. The
other objective was to determine the socio-economic condition of households considering impact of
loan and repaid system also to determine profit, or loss of each household associated with their income
generating activities. Besides, emphasis was also given to determine achievements in terms of social,
economic, physical, humanitarian and natural assets with the understanding of degree of changed
expectations of each household before starting business with the achievements they got after. About
20 percent sample size was covered from all the VDCs and Municipalities along with 399 benefited
women. Individual interview questionnaire schedule was prepared after discussion with the CARE
Nepal team, mainly focusing on livelihood areas whereas comparative analysis of data obtained from
each area was done and further results and suggestions were highlighted. Findings revealed a greater
achievement towards humanitarian assets in the study area, but comparatively lower in natural and
financial assets. The natural asset, such as land is least in all districts as compared to the other natural
assets. People of Chitwan have greater income source whereas people of Makawanpur have greater
saving, trade and greater capability to spend. Those revolving fund provided by the project has resulted
great change in the life of local people. Livelihood improvement through women empowerment had a
positive impact in general, that fairly suggest the ground to employ similar approach in addressing the
case for the improvement of rural livelihood with a proper intervention.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Livelihood_improvement_through_women_empo [...] Effect of organic and conventional nutrient management on leaf nutrient status of broad leaf mustard (Brassica juncea var. rugosa) / B. P. Bhattarai in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Effect of organic and conventional nutrient management on leaf nutrient status of broad leaf mustard (Brassica juncea var. rugosa) Material Type: printed text Authors: B. P. Bhattarai, Author ; K.P. Singh, Author ; S. M. Shakya, Author ; G. B. K.C., Author ; Y. G. Khadka, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 101-105 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Broad leaf mustard, organic, conventional, leaf and nutrient Abstract: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic and conventional nutrient management
on leaf nutrient status of broad leaf mustard (Brassica juncea var. rugosa) in the farmer’s field, at
Dakshinkali Municipality -2, Kathmandu, Nepal during the year 2016 - 2018. The experiment was
done using a Randomized Complete Block Design. There were a total of 13 treatments viz. T1 (24
t/ha Farm Yard Manure (FYM)), T2 (6 t/ha. Vermicompost), T3 (4 t/ha. Poultry Manure), T4 (12 t/
ha Compost), T5 (½ NPK + 3 t/ha. Vermicompost), T6 (¾ NPK + 1.5 t/ ha. Vermicompost), T7 (½
NPK+12 t/ha. FYM), T8 (¾ NPK +6 t/ha. FYM), T9 ( ½ NPK + 2 t/ha. Poultry Manure), T10 ( ¾
NPK + 1 t/ha. Poultry Manure), T11 ( ½ NPK + 6 t/ha. compost), T12 (¾ NPK + 3 t/ha. compost), and
T13 (Control), each with three replications. Findings revealed that, maximum leaf nitrogen (4.23%),
leaf phosphorus(0.73%), leaf potassium (4.537%), and leaf calcium (2.80%) were observed in T5
(½ NPK + 3 t/ha. Vermicompost) whereas the maximum leaf magnesium (0.32%) contents was found
in T5 (½ NPK + 3 t/ha. Vermicompost), and T6 (¾ NPK + 1.5 t/ ha. Vermicompost). But, in the case
of leaf iron ( 802.90 ppm) it was higher in T2 (6 ton/ha. Vermicompost). Thus, reducing N about ½ of
the recommended dose, and adding vermicompost reasonably proved effective practice in improving
major nutrient contents of broad leaf mustard.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Effect_of_organic_and_conventional_nutrie [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 101-105 p.[article] Effect of organic and conventional nutrient management on leaf nutrient status of broad leaf mustard (Brassica juncea var. rugosa) [printed text] / B. P. Bhattarai, Author ; K.P. Singh, Author ; S. M. Shakya, Author ; G. B. K.C., Author ; Y. G. Khadka, Author . - 2018 . - 101-105 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 101-105 p.
Keywords: Broad leaf mustard, organic, conventional, leaf and nutrient Abstract: An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of organic and conventional nutrient management
on leaf nutrient status of broad leaf mustard (Brassica juncea var. rugosa) in the farmer’s field, at
Dakshinkali Municipality -2, Kathmandu, Nepal during the year 2016 - 2018. The experiment was
done using a Randomized Complete Block Design. There were a total of 13 treatments viz. T1 (24
t/ha Farm Yard Manure (FYM)), T2 (6 t/ha. Vermicompost), T3 (4 t/ha. Poultry Manure), T4 (12 t/
ha Compost), T5 (½ NPK + 3 t/ha. Vermicompost), T6 (¾ NPK + 1.5 t/ ha. Vermicompost), T7 (½
NPK+12 t/ha. FYM), T8 (¾ NPK +6 t/ha. FYM), T9 ( ½ NPK + 2 t/ha. Poultry Manure), T10 ( ¾
NPK + 1 t/ha. Poultry Manure), T11 ( ½ NPK + 6 t/ha. compost), T12 (¾ NPK + 3 t/ha. compost), and
T13 (Control), each with three replications. Findings revealed that, maximum leaf nitrogen (4.23%),
leaf phosphorus(0.73%), leaf potassium (4.537%), and leaf calcium (2.80%) were observed in T5
(½ NPK + 3 t/ha. Vermicompost) whereas the maximum leaf magnesium (0.32%) contents was found
in T5 (½ NPK + 3 t/ha. Vermicompost), and T6 (¾ NPK + 1.5 t/ ha. Vermicompost). But, in the case
of leaf iron ( 802.90 ppm) it was higher in T2 (6 ton/ha. Vermicompost). Thus, reducing N about ½ of
the recommended dose, and adding vermicompost reasonably proved effective practice in improving
major nutrient contents of broad leaf mustard.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Effect_of_organic_and_conventional_nutrie [...] Effect of planting dates of maize on the incidence of borer complex in Chitwan, Nepal / G. Bhandari in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Effect of planting dates of maize on the incidence of borer complex in Chitwan, Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: G. Bhandari, Author ; R.B Thapa, Author ; Y. P. Giri, Author ; H. K. Manandhar, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 107-118 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Maize, planting date, borer complex, temperature, season Abstract: Borer complex (Chilo partellus Swinhoe and Sesamia inferans Walker) are the major pests of maize
in Nepal. Infestation of maize borer complex as well as climatic variability of growing areas are the
major causes for low production and productivity of maize as compared to neighboring countries.
Therefore, an experiment was conducted to find out the effect of planting time on open pollinated and
hybrid maize variety for the incidence of borer complex during winter, spring, and summer seasons at
the experimental field of National Maize Research Program, Chitwan. The experiment was conducted
using Randomized Complete Block design with a factorial combination of treatments, each replicated
for three times, for two maize genotypes, at every 10 days interval. The results showed that borer
incidence varied with maize planting dates and genotypes. The highest plant damage by stem borers
was up to 29.9% in genotype S03TLEY-FM (open pollinated variety) and 29.0% in RML 95/RML 96
(hybrid variety) at May planting, respectively. The crop planted from January to February reached into
knee height stage when the temperature ranged 25-28°C during February to March which was more
favorable for the growth and development of borers. September planting was the best time for hybrids,
and September as well as March planting was best time for open pollinated variety with respect to low
borer incidence in Chitwan condition.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Effect_of_planting_dates_of_maize-on-the_ [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 107-118 p.[article] Effect of planting dates of maize on the incidence of borer complex in Chitwan, Nepal [printed text] / G. Bhandari, Author ; R.B Thapa, Author ; Y. P. Giri, Author ; H. K. Manandhar, Author . - 2018 . - 107-118 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 107-118 p.
Keywords: Maize, planting date, borer complex, temperature, season Abstract: Borer complex (Chilo partellus Swinhoe and Sesamia inferans Walker) are the major pests of maize
in Nepal. Infestation of maize borer complex as well as climatic variability of growing areas are the
major causes for low production and productivity of maize as compared to neighboring countries.
Therefore, an experiment was conducted to find out the effect of planting time on open pollinated and
hybrid maize variety for the incidence of borer complex during winter, spring, and summer seasons at
the experimental field of National Maize Research Program, Chitwan. The experiment was conducted
using Randomized Complete Block design with a factorial combination of treatments, each replicated
for three times, for two maize genotypes, at every 10 days interval. The results showed that borer
incidence varied with maize planting dates and genotypes. The highest plant damage by stem borers
was up to 29.9% in genotype S03TLEY-FM (open pollinated variety) and 29.0% in RML 95/RML 96
(hybrid variety) at May planting, respectively. The crop planted from January to February reached into
knee height stage when the temperature ranged 25-28°C during February to March which was more
favorable for the growth and development of borers. September planting was the best time for hybrids,
and September as well as March planting was best time for open pollinated variety with respect to low
borer incidence in Chitwan condition.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Effect_of_planting_dates_of_maize-on-the_ [...] Growth, yield and post-harvest quality of late season cauliflower grown at two ecological zones of Nepal / H. N. Giri in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Growth, yield and post-harvest quality of late season cauliflower grown at two ecological zones of Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: H. N. Giri, Author ; M. D. Sharma, Author ; K. R. Pandey, Author ; B. B. Khatri, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 119-126 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Cauliflower, late season, biological yield, curd yield, post-harvest. Abstract: Eleven late season cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. Botrytis) cultivars were grown in varietal trail
consisting of four separate replicated plantings with RCB design at Rampur, Chitwan and Puranchaur,
Kaski during the winter season of 2016-2017. These newly introduced varieties were- Amazing,
Artica, Freedom, Ravella, Titan, Bishop, Casper, Indam 9803, NS 106, Snow-mystique and Snowball
16. The main objective of this research was to identify the short duration genotypes of late season
cauliflower to mitigate the negative effects of high temperature. The recorded parameters were plant
height, canopy diameter, curd yield, post-harvest quality, period of curd initiation and curd maturity.
The maximum plant height was recorded in Bishop (73.1 cm) at Rampur while the lowest height was
recorded in Snowball 16 (47.5 cm) at Puranchaur. Similarly, the maximum plant canopy was recorded
in NS 106 (76.2 cm) at Rampur while the lowest in Snowball 16 (48.2 cm) at Puranchaur. Whereas
the maximum curd yield (55.7 t/ha.) was found in Bishop at Rampur, but the lowest curd yield
(19t/ha) was found in Snowball16 at Puranchaur. In the case of maturity period, Bishop and Freedom
at Rampur were having shorter period (81 days) while Snowball 16 at Puranchaur had longest period
(124 days). The varieties at Rampur showed the higher pH than Puranchaur whereas the highest TSS
was recorded in Snowball 16 at Rampur. It was thus clear that plant growth parameters, yield and postharvest quality of major late season varieties of cauliflower were differed significantly in Terai and
Mid-hill region of Nepal. Newly introduced varieties Bishop and NS 106 produced the highest plant
height and canopy diameter. Bishop along with NS 106 was recognized as short duration varieties
which can minimize the negative effects of high temperature during late season.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Growth%2C_yield_and_post-harvest_quality_ [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 119-126 p.[article] Growth, yield and post-harvest quality of late season cauliflower grown at two ecological zones of Nepal [printed text] / H. N. Giri, Author ; M. D. Sharma, Author ; K. R. Pandey, Author ; B. B. Khatri, Author . - 2018 . - 119-126 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 119-126 p.
Keywords: Cauliflower, late season, biological yield, curd yield, post-harvest. Abstract: Eleven late season cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. Botrytis) cultivars were grown in varietal trail
consisting of four separate replicated plantings with RCB design at Rampur, Chitwan and Puranchaur,
Kaski during the winter season of 2016-2017. These newly introduced varieties were- Amazing,
Artica, Freedom, Ravella, Titan, Bishop, Casper, Indam 9803, NS 106, Snow-mystique and Snowball
16. The main objective of this research was to identify the short duration genotypes of late season
cauliflower to mitigate the negative effects of high temperature. The recorded parameters were plant
height, canopy diameter, curd yield, post-harvest quality, period of curd initiation and curd maturity.
The maximum plant height was recorded in Bishop (73.1 cm) at Rampur while the lowest height was
recorded in Snowball 16 (47.5 cm) at Puranchaur. Similarly, the maximum plant canopy was recorded
in NS 106 (76.2 cm) at Rampur while the lowest in Snowball 16 (48.2 cm) at Puranchaur. Whereas
the maximum curd yield (55.7 t/ha.) was found in Bishop at Rampur, but the lowest curd yield
(19t/ha) was found in Snowball16 at Puranchaur. In the case of maturity period, Bishop and Freedom
at Rampur were having shorter period (81 days) while Snowball 16 at Puranchaur had longest period
(124 days). The varieties at Rampur showed the higher pH than Puranchaur whereas the highest TSS
was recorded in Snowball 16 at Rampur. It was thus clear that plant growth parameters, yield and postharvest quality of major late season varieties of cauliflower were differed significantly in Terai and
Mid-hill region of Nepal. Newly introduced varieties Bishop and NS 106 produced the highest plant
height and canopy diameter. Bishop along with NS 106 was recognized as short duration varieties
which can minimize the negative effects of high temperature during late season.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Growth%2C_yield_and_post-harvest_quality_ [...] Efficacy of commercial insecticide for the management of tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera hubner, on tomato in Chitwan, Nepal / Regmi,R. in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Efficacy of commercial insecticide for the management of tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera hubner, on tomato in Chitwan, Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: Regmi,R., Author ; S. Poudel, Author ; R. C. Regmi, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 127-131 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Monitoring, tomato fruit borer, bio-pesticide, flubendiamide Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to understand the peak season of tomato fruit borer, and to evaluate
the efficacy of commercial available pesticides for management of tomato fruit borer. Tomato fruit
borer was monitored using Heli-lure trap. A total of seven treatments; (i. Emamectin benzoate 5SG@
0.625g/L, ii. Fubendiamide 48SC@ 0.21mL/L; iii. Metarihizium anisopilae@ 3g/L, iv. Bacillus
thuringiensis@ 3g/L, v. Chlorpyrifos 50%+Cypermethrin 5%@ 2mL/L, vi. Derrisom@ 3mL/L, and
vii. Control) were tested using Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) with three replication
for each treatment. The highest number of tomato fruit borer male moth was trapped during midApril. The results showed that the damage percentage of fruit by tomato fruit borer was recorded the
highest with control plot (42.24) which was statistically similar to Bacillus thuriengiensis (39.44),
Metarihizium anisopliae (35.32) and Derrisom (31.31) treated plots. Whereas the lowest fruit
damage percent was recorded with Flubendiamide (8.41) followed by Chlorpyrifos+Cypermethrin
(19.98) and Emamectin benzoate (20.82). Among the treatments, the highest yield was obtained with
Flubendiamide (68.68t/ha) followed by Chlorpyrifos+cypermethrin (67.53t/ha), Derisom (64.45t/
ha) and Emamectin benzoate (63.32t/ha). Whereas the lowest yield was obtained with control plot
followed by Metarihizium anisopliae (57.24t/ha) and Bacillus thuriengiensis (58.37t/ha) treated
plots. The Flubendiamide resulted the lowest fruit damage and highest yield, thus could be the best
insecticide to manage tomato fruit boreLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Efficacy_of_commercial_insecticide_for_th [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 127-131 p.[article] Efficacy of commercial insecticide for the management of tomato fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera hubner, on tomato in Chitwan, Nepal [printed text] / Regmi,R., Author ; S. Poudel, Author ; R. C. Regmi, Author . - 2018 . - 127-131 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 127-131 p.
Keywords: Monitoring, tomato fruit borer, bio-pesticide, flubendiamide Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to understand the peak season of tomato fruit borer, and to evaluate
the efficacy of commercial available pesticides for management of tomato fruit borer. Tomato fruit
borer was monitored using Heli-lure trap. A total of seven treatments; (i. Emamectin benzoate 5SG@
0.625g/L, ii. Fubendiamide 48SC@ 0.21mL/L; iii. Metarihizium anisopilae@ 3g/L, iv. Bacillus
thuringiensis@ 3g/L, v. Chlorpyrifos 50%+Cypermethrin 5%@ 2mL/L, vi. Derrisom@ 3mL/L, and
vii. Control) were tested using Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) with three replication
for each treatment. The highest number of tomato fruit borer male moth was trapped during midApril. The results showed that the damage percentage of fruit by tomato fruit borer was recorded the
highest with control plot (42.24) which was statistically similar to Bacillus thuriengiensis (39.44),
Metarihizium anisopliae (35.32) and Derrisom (31.31) treated plots. Whereas the lowest fruit
damage percent was recorded with Flubendiamide (8.41) followed by Chlorpyrifos+Cypermethrin
(19.98) and Emamectin benzoate (20.82). Among the treatments, the highest yield was obtained with
Flubendiamide (68.68t/ha) followed by Chlorpyrifos+cypermethrin (67.53t/ha), Derisom (64.45t/
ha) and Emamectin benzoate (63.32t/ha). Whereas the lowest yield was obtained with control plot
followed by Metarihizium anisopliae (57.24t/ha) and Bacillus thuriengiensis (58.37t/ha) treated
plots. The Flubendiamide resulted the lowest fruit damage and highest yield, thus could be the best
insecticide to manage tomato fruit boreLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Efficacy_of_commercial_insecticide_for_th [...] Simulation of growth and yield of rice and wheat varieties under varied agronomic management and changing climatic scenario under subtropical condition of Nepal / S. Marahatta in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Simulation of growth and yield of rice and wheat varieties under varied agronomic management and changing climatic scenario under subtropical condition of Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: S. Marahatta, Author ; R. Acharya, Author ; P. P. Joshi, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 141-156 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: CSM-CERES, conservation agriculture, sensitivity analysis, simulation Abstract: The national average yield of cereal- rice and wheat are less than its potential yield, for which poor
agronomic management and changing climatic conditions have been reported as the critical factors.
Cropping System Model (CSM)-Crop Estimation through Resource and Environment Synthesis
(CERES), embedded under Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) ver.
4.6 was used to valuate datasets of two different field experiments, conducted during winter season
of 2014/15 and rainy season of 2015, respectively, for wheat and rice. In the case of wheat, three
wheat genotypes (Tillotama, Danfe and Vijay) were sown at different sowing dates (14th November,
29th November, and 14th December), while two rice genotypes (Gorakhnath 509 and Sabitri) were
planted at four nitrogen levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha-1) under conservation and conventional
agriculture. Both experiments were conducted using a Strip-split plot design with three replications,
and conservation agriculture (CA) treatments of both crops accommodated in the same area. The
ancillary and yield data obtained from field experiment was analyzed by using R Studio software. The
yield of both rice and wheat was higher in conservation agriculture (4766; 3042 kg ha-1) as compared
to conventional agriculture (4106; 3022 kg ha-1). Application of 120 kg N ha-1 on rice resulted in
significantly higher yield (4769 kg ha-1) than lower nitrogen levels whereas timely planted wheat
produced significantly higher yield (3427 kg ha-1) as compared to delay planting. Sabitri (4433 kg
ha-1) was comparable to hybrid Gorakhnath 509 (4438 kg ha-1) in terms of grain yield while Vijay
(3459 kg ha-1) was superior to other tested genotypes of wheat. Model calibration was done by using
best treatment of the experiment based on grain yield while validation was accomplished by using
the remaining treatments for predicting growth and yield. On the sensitivity analysis, of the three
varieties used, only Vijay showed increasing yield by 10.09% up to December 4 sowing, identified
as the best variety for the late sown condition. The sensitivity for various climate change scenarios as
advocated by IPCC (2007) for 2020, 2050 and 2080 from the baseline of 214-15 indicated that there
was severely decreased trend in simulated yield of varieties in different establishment method with an
increase in maximum and minimum temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and solar radiation.
The simulation result showed that rise in maximum and minimum temperature by 40
C resulted in yield
reduction; drop in the temperature and thereby in the yield increase. Increase in CO2
concentration
(+20 ppm) showed the positive effect on yield when temperatures were dropped, but yield reduction
in the case of increased temperature even if the CO2 concentration was increased. Both hybrid and
improved varieties of rice were responsible to 120 kg N ha-1. CA for rice could equally produce to
conventional one in temperature increased scenario, but more outstanding- in decreased temperature.
Wheat variety Vijay can be grown in CA with higher yield and can also be sown up to 1st week of
December with very less yield decline in the context with changing climatic variability.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Simulation_of_growth_and_yield_of_rice_an [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 141-156 p.[article] Simulation of growth and yield of rice and wheat varieties under varied agronomic management and changing climatic scenario under subtropical condition of Nepal [printed text] / S. Marahatta, Author ; R. Acharya, Author ; P. P. Joshi, Author . - 2018 . - 141-156 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 141-156 p.
Keywords: CSM-CERES, conservation agriculture, sensitivity analysis, simulation Abstract: The national average yield of cereal- rice and wheat are less than its potential yield, for which poor
agronomic management and changing climatic conditions have been reported as the critical factors.
Cropping System Model (CSM)-Crop Estimation through Resource and Environment Synthesis
(CERES), embedded under Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) ver.
4.6 was used to valuate datasets of two different field experiments, conducted during winter season
of 2014/15 and rainy season of 2015, respectively, for wheat and rice. In the case of wheat, three
wheat genotypes (Tillotama, Danfe and Vijay) were sown at different sowing dates (14th November,
29th November, and 14th December), while two rice genotypes (Gorakhnath 509 and Sabitri) were
planted at four nitrogen levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N ha-1) under conservation and conventional
agriculture. Both experiments were conducted using a Strip-split plot design with three replications,
and conservation agriculture (CA) treatments of both crops accommodated in the same area. The
ancillary and yield data obtained from field experiment was analyzed by using R Studio software. The
yield of both rice and wheat was higher in conservation agriculture (4766; 3042 kg ha-1) as compared
to conventional agriculture (4106; 3022 kg ha-1). Application of 120 kg N ha-1 on rice resulted in
significantly higher yield (4769 kg ha-1) than lower nitrogen levels whereas timely planted wheat
produced significantly higher yield (3427 kg ha-1) as compared to delay planting. Sabitri (4433 kg
ha-1) was comparable to hybrid Gorakhnath 509 (4438 kg ha-1) in terms of grain yield while Vijay
(3459 kg ha-1) was superior to other tested genotypes of wheat. Model calibration was done by using
best treatment of the experiment based on grain yield while validation was accomplished by using
the remaining treatments for predicting growth and yield. On the sensitivity analysis, of the three
varieties used, only Vijay showed increasing yield by 10.09% up to December 4 sowing, identified
as the best variety for the late sown condition. The sensitivity for various climate change scenarios as
advocated by IPCC (2007) for 2020, 2050 and 2080 from the baseline of 214-15 indicated that there
was severely decreased trend in simulated yield of varieties in different establishment method with an
increase in maximum and minimum temperature, carbon dioxide concentration, and solar radiation.
The simulation result showed that rise in maximum and minimum temperature by 40
C resulted in yield
reduction; drop in the temperature and thereby in the yield increase. Increase in CO2
concentration
(+20 ppm) showed the positive effect on yield when temperatures were dropped, but yield reduction
in the case of increased temperature even if the CO2 concentration was increased. Both hybrid and
improved varieties of rice were responsible to 120 kg N ha-1. CA for rice could equally produce to
conventional one in temperature increased scenario, but more outstanding- in decreased temperature.
Wheat variety Vijay can be grown in CA with higher yield and can also be sown up to 1st week of
December with very less yield decline in the context with changing climatic variability.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Simulation_of_growth_and_yield_of_rice_an [...] Wet season hybrid rice seed production in Nepal | S. N. Sah and Z. Xingian / S. N. Sah in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Wet season hybrid rice seed production in Nepal | S. N. Sah and Z. Xingian Material Type: printed text Authors: S. N. Sah, Author ; Z. Xingian, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 157-163 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Restorer line, CMS line, pollination, synchronization Abstract: Hybrid rice seed production trial was initiated first time in Nepal with an objective for producing F1
hybrid seed by private seed company- to supply hybrid rice seed in the local level. Restorer (R) and
cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS). A parental lines of hybrid rice varieties (HJ G1, HJ G2, HJ G5 and
HJ G10) were received by Karma Seed Company in collaboration with Hejia Seed Company, China,
and hybrid rice seed production trials were carried out at Parsa, Chitwan in 2016 and at Pathariya,
Jhapa in 2017 during wet season. R lines of HJ G2, HJ G5 and HJ G10 were seeded earlier on the
same day on 26 June 2016 and their A lines were seeded latter on the basis of their flowering period
while HJ G1 was seeded on four lots where R line of each lot was seeded three days earlier than A
line in 2016. In 2017 only two varieties HJG5 and HJ G1 were seeded where R lines were seeded 15
days and three days earlier than their R lines, respectively. There was good synchronization in the first
lot of HJ G1 in 2016 and in both varieties of HJ G1 and HJ G5 in 2017 after adjustment. However,
the yield harvested was not so good due to cloudy, rainy and windy environment, particularly during
pollination and fertilization period. Seed setting in HJ G5 (1761 kg ha-1) was better than HJ G1 (1032
kg ha-1) when good matching in flowering. Early June and very late seeding beyond July was not good
for hybrid rice seed production due to rain likely to occur nearby shortening of growth duration and
low temperature during heading, resulted in no synchronization in other varieties.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Wet_season_hybrid_rice_seed_production_in [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 157-163 p.[article] Wet season hybrid rice seed production in Nepal | S. N. Sah and Z. Xingian [printed text] / S. N. Sah, Author ; Z. Xingian, Author . - 2018 . - 157-163 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 157-163 p.
Keywords: Restorer line, CMS line, pollination, synchronization Abstract: Hybrid rice seed production trial was initiated first time in Nepal with an objective for producing F1
hybrid seed by private seed company- to supply hybrid rice seed in the local level. Restorer (R) and
cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS). A parental lines of hybrid rice varieties (HJ G1, HJ G2, HJ G5 and
HJ G10) were received by Karma Seed Company in collaboration with Hejia Seed Company, China,
and hybrid rice seed production trials were carried out at Parsa, Chitwan in 2016 and at Pathariya,
Jhapa in 2017 during wet season. R lines of HJ G2, HJ G5 and HJ G10 were seeded earlier on the
same day on 26 June 2016 and their A lines were seeded latter on the basis of their flowering period
while HJ G1 was seeded on four lots where R line of each lot was seeded three days earlier than A
line in 2016. In 2017 only two varieties HJG5 and HJ G1 were seeded where R lines were seeded 15
days and three days earlier than their R lines, respectively. There was good synchronization in the first
lot of HJ G1 in 2016 and in both varieties of HJ G1 and HJ G5 in 2017 after adjustment. However,
the yield harvested was not so good due to cloudy, rainy and windy environment, particularly during
pollination and fertilization period. Seed setting in HJ G5 (1761 kg ha-1) was better than HJ G1 (1032
kg ha-1) when good matching in flowering. Early June and very late seeding beyond July was not good
for hybrid rice seed production due to rain likely to occur nearby shortening of growth duration and
low temperature during heading, resulted in no synchronization in other varieties.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Wet_season_hybrid_rice_seed_production_in [...] Nutritional parameters in relation to reproductive performance in anestrus chauri (Yak hybrid) cattle around Jiri, Dolakha / B. P. Gautam in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Nutritional parameters in relation to reproductive performance in anestrus chauri (Yak hybrid) cattle around Jiri, Dolakha Material Type: printed text Authors: B. P. Gautam, Author ; B. Devkota, Author ; R. C. Sapkota, Author ; G. Gautam, Author ; S. K. Shah, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 165-169 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: BCS, chauri, pregnancy, vitamin-mineral supplementation Abstract: Anestrus Chauri (Yak hybrid) cattle raised in Jiri area of Dolakha district, Nepal were selected to
investigate the status of blood nutritional parameters in relation to their reproductive performance
during active breeding months. Blood samples were collected from 20 (13 pregnant and 7 nonpregnant) anestrus Chauries to estimate nutritional parameters in serum, and body condition score
(BCS) of each animal was recorded. The non-pregnant anestrus Chauries were supplemented with
vitamin-mineral mixture for two months followed by second blood sampling and BCS recording.
The response of supplementation was evaluated in terms of estrus, fertile mating and pregnancy. Four
out of 7 (57%) non-pregnant anestrus Chauries responded to the vitamin-mineral supplementation to
produce pregnancy. Statistical analysis revealed that level of blood glucose, total cholesterol, calcium
and phosphorus were not significantly different between pregnant and non-pregnant anestrus Chauries
while the level of serum total protein was significantly higher in pregnant than in non-pregnant
Chauries. BCS of pregnant and non-pregnant Chauries differed significantly (p conception was observed in Chauries with BCS greater than 3.0. When compared with the levels
of blood nutritional parameters before supplementation, higher level (p cholesterol and calcium were observed after vitamin-mineral supplementation. In conclusion, blood
nutritional parameters and BCS indicate the reproductive performance in Chauries, and vitaminmineral supplementation in non-pregnant Chauries helps in achieving pregnancy.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Nutritional_parameters_in_relation_to_rep [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 165-169 p.[article] Nutritional parameters in relation to reproductive performance in anestrus chauri (Yak hybrid) cattle around Jiri, Dolakha [printed text] / B. P. Gautam, Author ; B. Devkota, Author ; R. C. Sapkota, Author ; G. Gautam, Author ; S. K. Shah, Author . - 2018 . - 165-169 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 165-169 p.
Keywords: BCS, chauri, pregnancy, vitamin-mineral supplementation Abstract: Anestrus Chauri (Yak hybrid) cattle raised in Jiri area of Dolakha district, Nepal were selected to
investigate the status of blood nutritional parameters in relation to their reproductive performance
during active breeding months. Blood samples were collected from 20 (13 pregnant and 7 nonpregnant) anestrus Chauries to estimate nutritional parameters in serum, and body condition score
(BCS) of each animal was recorded. The non-pregnant anestrus Chauries were supplemented with
vitamin-mineral mixture for two months followed by second blood sampling and BCS recording.
The response of supplementation was evaluated in terms of estrus, fertile mating and pregnancy. Four
out of 7 (57%) non-pregnant anestrus Chauries responded to the vitamin-mineral supplementation to
produce pregnancy. Statistical analysis revealed that level of blood glucose, total cholesterol, calcium
and phosphorus were not significantly different between pregnant and non-pregnant anestrus Chauries
while the level of serum total protein was significantly higher in pregnant than in non-pregnant
Chauries. BCS of pregnant and non-pregnant Chauries differed significantly (p conception was observed in Chauries with BCS greater than 3.0. When compared with the levels
of blood nutritional parameters before supplementation, higher level (p cholesterol and calcium were observed after vitamin-mineral supplementation. In conclusion, blood
nutritional parameters and BCS indicate the reproductive performance in Chauries, and vitaminmineral supplementation in non-pregnant Chauries helps in achieving pregnancy.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Nutritional_parameters_in_relation_to_rep [...] Changes in physiological and metabolic parameters of sheep (Ovis aries) during trans-humance at western himlayan pastures / K. Bhatta in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Changes in physiological and metabolic parameters of sheep (Ovis aries) during trans-humance at western himlayan pastures Material Type: printed text Authors: K. Bhatta, Author ; N. R. Devkota, Author ; I. C. P. T. Tiwari, Author ; S.R. Barsila, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 171-175 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Baruwal sheep, transhumance, metabolism, physiology, adaptation Abstract: Transhumance is an integral part of sheep husbandry in high mountains whereas out of total sheep
population, about 60 % are reared under the transhumance system. Transhumance Baruwal sheep
flock from the northern part of Jumla grazed at two different altitudes were selected for this research.
The main objective was to access the changes in physiological and metabolic parameters of sheep
grazed at two different altitudes along transhumance route, and to suggest appropriate husbandry
practices. This study consisted of 21 apparently healthy Baruwal sheep under transhumance which
were divided into four groups; male below 1 year (8); male above one year (5); female below one
year (5), and female above one year (2). This study was done during July 2017 to December 2017.
The herd was clinically inspected for the presence of any infection. Adaptation period was set for one
month. Blood sample was taken from selected herds at both grazing altitudes i.e. from lower stopover
Chandannath (2431m.a.s.l) to higher stopover Khali (3885 m.a.s.l). Blood glucose, albumin and total
protein (TP) were significantely (p and TP level were decreased at higher altitude as compared to low. Furthermore, altitude, age and sex
had a significant (p increase in RR and HR was observed at higher altitude. Lambs as compared to adults had higher
respiration and heart rates. Similarly, there was a higher RR and HR in ewes as compared to ram. The
study result had showed elevated level of blood biochemistry and physiological values in response
to changing environment. Finding of the study suggests reduced stress during transhumance could
ensured by slow upward movement, nutritional management, and adjusting transhumance herd to
adverse weather condition that needs to consider in transhumance sheep while addressing possible
infection and health hazard, and thereby increasing production from herd.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Changes_in_physiological_and_metabolic_pa [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 171-175 p.[article] Changes in physiological and metabolic parameters of sheep (Ovis aries) during trans-humance at western himlayan pastures [printed text] / K. Bhatta, Author ; N. R. Devkota, Author ; I. C. P. T. Tiwari, Author ; S.R. Barsila, Author . - 2018 . - 171-175 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 171-175 p.
Keywords: Baruwal sheep, transhumance, metabolism, physiology, adaptation Abstract: Transhumance is an integral part of sheep husbandry in high mountains whereas out of total sheep
population, about 60 % are reared under the transhumance system. Transhumance Baruwal sheep
flock from the northern part of Jumla grazed at two different altitudes were selected for this research.
The main objective was to access the changes in physiological and metabolic parameters of sheep
grazed at two different altitudes along transhumance route, and to suggest appropriate husbandry
practices. This study consisted of 21 apparently healthy Baruwal sheep under transhumance which
were divided into four groups; male below 1 year (8); male above one year (5); female below one
year (5), and female above one year (2). This study was done during July 2017 to December 2017.
The herd was clinically inspected for the presence of any infection. Adaptation period was set for one
month. Blood sample was taken from selected herds at both grazing altitudes i.e. from lower stopover
Chandannath (2431m.a.s.l) to higher stopover Khali (3885 m.a.s.l). Blood glucose, albumin and total
protein (TP) were significantely (p and TP level were decreased at higher altitude as compared to low. Furthermore, altitude, age and sex
had a significant (p increase in RR and HR was observed at higher altitude. Lambs as compared to adults had higher
respiration and heart rates. Similarly, there was a higher RR and HR in ewes as compared to ram. The
study result had showed elevated level of blood biochemistry and physiological values in response
to changing environment. Finding of the study suggests reduced stress during transhumance could
ensured by slow upward movement, nutritional management, and adjusting transhumance herd to
adverse weather condition that needs to consider in transhumance sheep while addressing possible
infection and health hazard, and thereby increasing production from herd.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Changes_in_physiological_and_metabolic_pa [...] Reproductive status and infertility in Chauries around Jiri, Dolakha / R. C. Sapkota in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Reproductive status and infertility in Chauries around Jiri, Dolakha Material Type: printed text Authors: R. C. Sapkota, Author ; B. Devkota, Author ; B. P. Gautam, Author ; T. B. Rijal, Author ; G. R. Aryal, Author ; Sanjit Kumar Saha, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 177-182 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Chauri, infertiltiy, reproductive disorders, vitamin-mineral, GnRH. Abstract: The Yak/Chauries are raised in highlands of Nepal. They serve as mainstay of economy and life
for the people in those areas. Infertility associated with several reproductive problems is the major
constraints of Chauri production. This study investigated the prevalence of reproductive disorders
and major causes of infertility with its treatment attempt in Chauries of Jiri area in Dolakha district.
Questionnaire survey was carried out in 14 Chauri herds. Blood samples were collected (n=20) to
examine brucellosis and fecal samples (n=69) for gastro-intestinal parasites egg count. Animals
showing infertility problems were supplemented with vitamin+mineral mixture for 2 months (n=40)
to see the response with estrus and mating followed by GnRH treatment in non-responding animals.
Survey findings showed 33.45% animals with reproductive disorders, out of which retention of fetal
membrane was the most common problem followed by anestrus, abortion and repeat breeding. Fecal
examinations revealed 16% animals positive for intestinal helminths. The non pregnant animals had
lower helminth prevalence and low egg count that suggested internal parasites cannot be attributed
as the cause of infertility in the study area. Brucellosis was not detected in Chauries. The expression
of estrus and mating after vitamin + mineral supplementation was higher (p infertility problem than those in control group without supplementation (70 % vs 35%). The overall
response of supplementation and GnRH treatment was 75%. The results suggested nutritional
deficiency as a major cause of infertility in Chauries that might have attributed to other reproductive
disorders as well.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Reproductive_status_and_infertility_in_Ch [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 177-182 p.[article] Reproductive status and infertility in Chauries around Jiri, Dolakha [printed text] / R. C. Sapkota, Author ; B. Devkota, Author ; B. P. Gautam, Author ; T. B. Rijal, Author ; G. R. Aryal, Author ; Sanjit Kumar Saha, Author . - 2018 . - 177-182 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 177-182 p.
Keywords: Chauri, infertiltiy, reproductive disorders, vitamin-mineral, GnRH. Abstract: The Yak/Chauries are raised in highlands of Nepal. They serve as mainstay of economy and life
for the people in those areas. Infertility associated with several reproductive problems is the major
constraints of Chauri production. This study investigated the prevalence of reproductive disorders
and major causes of infertility with its treatment attempt in Chauries of Jiri area in Dolakha district.
Questionnaire survey was carried out in 14 Chauri herds. Blood samples were collected (n=20) to
examine brucellosis and fecal samples (n=69) for gastro-intestinal parasites egg count. Animals
showing infertility problems were supplemented with vitamin+mineral mixture for 2 months (n=40)
to see the response with estrus and mating followed by GnRH treatment in non-responding animals.
Survey findings showed 33.45% animals with reproductive disorders, out of which retention of fetal
membrane was the most common problem followed by anestrus, abortion and repeat breeding. Fecal
examinations revealed 16% animals positive for intestinal helminths. The non pregnant animals had
lower helminth prevalence and low egg count that suggested internal parasites cannot be attributed
as the cause of infertility in the study area. Brucellosis was not detected in Chauries. The expression
of estrus and mating after vitamin + mineral supplementation was higher (p infertility problem than those in control group without supplementation (70 % vs 35%). The overall
response of supplementation and GnRH treatment was 75%. The results suggested nutritional
deficiency as a major cause of infertility in Chauries that might have attributed to other reproductive
disorders as well.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Reproductive_status_and_infertility_in_Ch [...] Determining chemical constituents of the selected rangeland to help improve feed quality under the context of climate change in the districts of Gandaki river basin / S. Chaudhary in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Determining chemical constituents of the selected rangeland to help improve feed quality under the context of climate change in the districts of Gandaki river basin Material Type: printed text Authors: S. Chaudhary, Author ; N. R. Devkota, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 183-189 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: rangelands, chemical constituents, climate change, feeding management, monsoon Abstract: This study was conducted in the selected rangelands of Gandaki River Basins (GRB) to determine the
major chemical constituents of the rangelands under the context of possible adverse impact of change
in climatic variability to provide guidelines for best possible feeding to the graziers. Five rangelands
were selected whereas five quadrat samples were taken twice during post monsoon and before start
of the winter season in each rangeland. Significant difference (p Crude Fibre and Total Ash in post monsoon period were observed. But, there was no significant
difference in any chemical constituent before the start of winter season in all five rangelands. The
crude protein content varied from 7.04±0.96% to 11.71±3.26% in post monsoon and 8.40±0.93%
to 11.16±3.33% before the start of winter season. The status of CP was quite good for ruminants'
maintenance, and was with the standard of grade 4 and 5 in terms of protein availability. Similarly, the
range of DM was 25.9±8.26% to 50.14±7.36% in post monsoon sampling whereas it was 26.04±2.00
to 49.16±7.04 % before the start of winter. They fall in the range of high category with respect to
the dry matter content. Grasses were pre-dominant in the rangelands whereas proportion of legume
was minimum. More than 80% farmers had knowledge about climate change and they have felt the
impacts of climate change in livestock production including feeds and feeding management. The
availability of grasses and legumes in the rangelands are decreasing and it needs proper improvement
to meet the nutritive requirements of animals also in line with improving such rangelands to develop
more productive to tackle with possible adverse impact of change in climatic variabilities in the days
to come.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Determining_chemical_constituents_of_the_ [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 183-189 p.[article] Determining chemical constituents of the selected rangeland to help improve feed quality under the context of climate change in the districts of Gandaki river basin [printed text] / S. Chaudhary, Author ; N. R. Devkota, Author . - 2018 . - 183-189 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 183-189 p.
Keywords: rangelands, chemical constituents, climate change, feeding management, monsoon Abstract: This study was conducted in the selected rangelands of Gandaki River Basins (GRB) to determine the
major chemical constituents of the rangelands under the context of possible adverse impact of change
in climatic variability to provide guidelines for best possible feeding to the graziers. Five rangelands
were selected whereas five quadrat samples were taken twice during post monsoon and before start
of the winter season in each rangeland. Significant difference (p Crude Fibre and Total Ash in post monsoon period were observed. But, there was no significant
difference in any chemical constituent before the start of winter season in all five rangelands. The
crude protein content varied from 7.04±0.96% to 11.71±3.26% in post monsoon and 8.40±0.93%
to 11.16±3.33% before the start of winter season. The status of CP was quite good for ruminants'
maintenance, and was with the standard of grade 4 and 5 in terms of protein availability. Similarly, the
range of DM was 25.9±8.26% to 50.14±7.36% in post monsoon sampling whereas it was 26.04±2.00
to 49.16±7.04 % before the start of winter. They fall in the range of high category with respect to
the dry matter content. Grasses were pre-dominant in the rangelands whereas proportion of legume
was minimum. More than 80% farmers had knowledge about climate change and they have felt the
impacts of climate change in livestock production including feeds and feeding management. The
availability of grasses and legumes in the rangelands are decreasing and it needs proper improvement
to meet the nutritive requirements of animals also in line with improving such rangelands to develop
more productive to tackle with possible adverse impact of change in climatic variabilities in the days
to come.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Determining_chemical_constituents_of_the_ [...] Productivity and chemical composition of oat-legumes mixtures and legume monoculture in southern subtropical plains, Nepal / S. Dangi in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Productivity and chemical composition of oat-legumes mixtures and legume monoculture in southern subtropical plains, Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: S. Dangi, Author ; N. R. Devkota, Author ; S.R. Barsila, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 191-198 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: herbage productivity, oats, vetch, pea, nutritive value Abstract: Oat (Avena sativa L.) is grown in Nepal for last hundred years; though its production potential is yet
to be explored to combat the winter forage scarcity. The oats can be grown in combination with other
fodder legumes such as berseem, lucerne, pea, and vetch. In order to increase productivity per unit
area, there is a need to test the promising forage species having high forage yield potential and quality
as well the compatibility for mix cropping. This study was designed to determine the productive
potential of oat combined with promising legumes in terms of dry matter and chemical composition.
A field experiment was done at AFU livestock farm to determine the dry matter productivity and the
chemical composition of oat (Avena sative, variety Netra) +vetch (Vicia sativa), oat and pea (Pisum
sativum), pea and vetch monoculture, respectively, and were replicated four times in field plots with
6× 6 m2
by following RCB design. Individual plots was prepared by plowing the field prior to sowing
the seeds and further, the standard agronomic practices was followed to establish the forage stands.
The forage mixture, harvesting time and their interaction were considered as major factors of analysis
for dry matter productivity and chemical constituents such as CP, CF and EE. Results showed that only
harvesting time had a significant effect (p mixture and interaction had a significant effect on legume branches. Both the harvesting time and
forage mixture had a significant effect on forage dry matter productivity (p dry matter yield was obtained from oats and pea combination (0.89t/ha), or oats and vetch (0.86t/ha).
There was a significant variation in CP, and CF content across the harvest regimes. This study results
had shown that oats-legume mixture would have the potential to increase herbage productivity and
this practice can be established in abandoned lands with minimum tillage. Oats in combination with
pea, and, or vetch could be a potential model of intercropping to attain an increased forage DM that
could be successfully extrapolated at farmers' field.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Productivity_and_chemical_composition_of_ [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 191-198 p.[article] Productivity and chemical composition of oat-legumes mixtures and legume monoculture in southern subtropical plains, Nepal [printed text] / S. Dangi, Author ; N. R. Devkota, Author ; S.R. Barsila, Author . - 2018 . - 191-198 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 191-198 p.
Keywords: herbage productivity, oats, vetch, pea, nutritive value Abstract: Oat (Avena sativa L.) is grown in Nepal for last hundred years; though its production potential is yet
to be explored to combat the winter forage scarcity. The oats can be grown in combination with other
fodder legumes such as berseem, lucerne, pea, and vetch. In order to increase productivity per unit
area, there is a need to test the promising forage species having high forage yield potential and quality
as well the compatibility for mix cropping. This study was designed to determine the productive
potential of oat combined with promising legumes in terms of dry matter and chemical composition.
A field experiment was done at AFU livestock farm to determine the dry matter productivity and the
chemical composition of oat (Avena sative, variety Netra) +vetch (Vicia sativa), oat and pea (Pisum
sativum), pea and vetch monoculture, respectively, and were replicated four times in field plots with
6× 6 m2
by following RCB design. Individual plots was prepared by plowing the field prior to sowing
the seeds and further, the standard agronomic practices was followed to establish the forage stands.
The forage mixture, harvesting time and their interaction were considered as major factors of analysis
for dry matter productivity and chemical constituents such as CP, CF and EE. Results showed that only
harvesting time had a significant effect (p mixture and interaction had a significant effect on legume branches. Both the harvesting time and
forage mixture had a significant effect on forage dry matter productivity (p dry matter yield was obtained from oats and pea combination (0.89t/ha), or oats and vetch (0.86t/ha).
There was a significant variation in CP, and CF content across the harvest regimes. This study results
had shown that oats-legume mixture would have the potential to increase herbage productivity and
this practice can be established in abandoned lands with minimum tillage. Oats in combination with
pea, and, or vetch could be a potential model of intercropping to attain an increased forage DM that
could be successfully extrapolated at farmers' field.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Productivity_and_chemical_composition_of_ [...] Effect of forced molting on post molt production performance of locally available commercial laying chicken / S. Sapkota in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Effect of forced molting on post molt production performance of locally available commercial laying chicken Material Type: printed text Authors: S. Sapkota, Author ; R. Shah, Author ; D. K. Chhetri, Author ; S.R. Barsila, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 199-204 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: : Forced molting, layers, post molt, mortality, feed intake Abstract: A study was done at a commercial farm in Sorabhagh, Morang district on layers using a cage system
for 114 days during June 24, 2017 to October 15, 2017. The objective of this study was to determine
the effect of forced molting on production parameters of Lohmann layers. The cages were disinfected
before the study with Virkon-s and Hydrogen peroxide. 3072 laying birds were divided into three
treatment groups.The treatments were- without feed restriction (control=T0), 7 days feed restriction
(T1
) and 15 days feed restriction (T2) which was further replicated each for four times. There were
256 birds in each replication. The mortality rates, feed intake per bird, egg production and egg weight
were recorded. Analysis of variance showed significantly (p the treatment groups during the first 15 days. Accordingly, higher mortality (1.07%) was recorded
in T2. Result revealed a significant difference in feed intake throughout the study period. In the end,
higher feed intake (102.45 g) was recorded in T2. However, statistically similar (p>0.05) feed intake
was observed in T1
and T0. The results showed a significant difference in egg production among
the treatment groups. Higher egg production (65.9%) was observed in the T2
group at the end of the
experimental period with an increasing trend. However, lower egg production (47.7%) was recorded
in T0. Statistically similar egg weight (p>0.05) was recorded in all treatment groups throughout the
study period.The results obtained from this study revealed that forced molting can increase the egg
production and feed intake rate with the cost of slight increment in the mortality rate.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Effect_of_forced_molting_on_post_molt_pro [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 199-204 p.[article] Effect of forced molting on post molt production performance of locally available commercial laying chicken [printed text] / S. Sapkota, Author ; R. Shah, Author ; D. K. Chhetri, Author ; S.R. Barsila, Author . - 2018 . - 199-204 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 199-204 p.
Keywords: : Forced molting, layers, post molt, mortality, feed intake Abstract: A study was done at a commercial farm in Sorabhagh, Morang district on layers using a cage system
for 114 days during June 24, 2017 to October 15, 2017. The objective of this study was to determine
the effect of forced molting on production parameters of Lohmann layers. The cages were disinfected
before the study with Virkon-s and Hydrogen peroxide. 3072 laying birds were divided into three
treatment groups.The treatments were- without feed restriction (control=T0), 7 days feed restriction
(T1
) and 15 days feed restriction (T2) which was further replicated each for four times. There were
256 birds in each replication. The mortality rates, feed intake per bird, egg production and egg weight
were recorded. Analysis of variance showed significantly (p the treatment groups during the first 15 days. Accordingly, higher mortality (1.07%) was recorded
in T2. Result revealed a significant difference in feed intake throughout the study period. In the end,
higher feed intake (102.45 g) was recorded in T2. However, statistically similar (p>0.05) feed intake
was observed in T1
and T0. The results showed a significant difference in egg production among
the treatment groups. Higher egg production (65.9%) was observed in the T2
group at the end of the
experimental period with an increasing trend. However, lower egg production (47.7%) was recorded
in T0. Statistically similar egg weight (p>0.05) was recorded in all treatment groups throughout the
study period.The results obtained from this study revealed that forced molting can increase the egg
production and feed intake rate with the cost of slight increment in the mortality rate.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Effect_of_forced_molting_on_post_molt_pro [...] Supply chain analysis of carp in Makwanpur, Chitwan and Nawalparasi districts of Nepal / K. Adhikari in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Supply chain analysis of carp in Makwanpur, Chitwan and Nawalparasi districts of Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: K. Adhikari, Author ; S. Rai, Author ; D. K. Jha, Author ; R. B. Mandal, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 205-210 P. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Price, variable cost, profit, farmer, middleman Abstract: Carp is the major fish produced and imported in Nepal. It is imperative to establish sustainable and
effective supply chains of carp to develop aquaculture industry in Nepal. In order to assess role of
key actors involved and to analyse the existing supply chains of carp, a study was carried out in
Makwanpur, Chitwan and Nawalparasi districts of Nepal during May to September, 2016. A total of
102 respondents (20 grow out farmers, 3 middleman, 3 wholesalers, 3 retailers, and 5 consumers in
each district) were selected randomly for household survey from all three districts. Data were collected
by using set of pre-tested questionnaire by employing face to face survey with the respondents.
Data were analysed by using One Way Anova followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Findings
revealed that grow out farmer, middleman, wholesaler, retailer and consumer are key actors to govern
existing supply chains of carp. There are upto seven types of supply chains of fresh carp and four
types of supply chains of live carp in three districts. Supply chain of live carp is comparatively shorter
with three actors than fresh carp supply chain to minimize fish loss due to handling stress. Grow out
farmers in Nawalparasi earned significantly (p Makwanpur, due to higher selling price and low variable costs incurred. In live carp supply chain,
middle man received higher margin (34-36%) whereas in fresh carp chain, retailers earned higher
profit in Makwanpur (50%) and Nawalparasi (56%), and middleman, in Chitwan (50%). Although
supply chain of live carp is found to be more profitable, but it is risky and not sustainable at the
moment. Therefore, supply chain of fresh carp needs to be strengthened.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Supply_chain_analysis_of_carp_in_Makwanpu [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 205-210 P.[article] Supply chain analysis of carp in Makwanpur, Chitwan and Nawalparasi districts of Nepal [printed text] / K. Adhikari, Author ; S. Rai, Author ; D. K. Jha, Author ; R. B. Mandal, Author . - 2018 . - 205-210 P.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 205-210 P.
Keywords: Price, variable cost, profit, farmer, middleman Abstract: Carp is the major fish produced and imported in Nepal. It is imperative to establish sustainable and
effective supply chains of carp to develop aquaculture industry in Nepal. In order to assess role of
key actors involved and to analyse the existing supply chains of carp, a study was carried out in
Makwanpur, Chitwan and Nawalparasi districts of Nepal during May to September, 2016. A total of
102 respondents (20 grow out farmers, 3 middleman, 3 wholesalers, 3 retailers, and 5 consumers in
each district) were selected randomly for household survey from all three districts. Data were collected
by using set of pre-tested questionnaire by employing face to face survey with the respondents.
Data were analysed by using One Way Anova followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Findings
revealed that grow out farmer, middleman, wholesaler, retailer and consumer are key actors to govern
existing supply chains of carp. There are upto seven types of supply chains of fresh carp and four
types of supply chains of live carp in three districts. Supply chain of live carp is comparatively shorter
with three actors than fresh carp supply chain to minimize fish loss due to handling stress. Grow out
farmers in Nawalparasi earned significantly (p Makwanpur, due to higher selling price and low variable costs incurred. In live carp supply chain,
middle man received higher margin (34-36%) whereas in fresh carp chain, retailers earned higher
profit in Makwanpur (50%) and Nawalparasi (56%), and middleman, in Chitwan (50%). Although
supply chain of live carp is found to be more profitable, but it is risky and not sustainable at the
moment. Therefore, supply chain of fresh carp needs to be strengthened.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Supply_chain_analysis_of_carp_in_Makwanpu [...] Efficacy of tamoxifen on sex reversal of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) / N. P. Pandit in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Efficacy of tamoxifen on sex reversal of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Material Type: printed text Authors: N. P. Pandit, Author ; R, Ranjan, Author ; R. Wagle, Author ; A. K, Yadav, Author ; N. R. Jaishi, Author ; I. Singh Mahato, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 211-216 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Cytotam 20 non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor masculinization Abstract: The efficacy of tamoxifen, a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, for inducing masculinization in
Nile tilapia was assessed. Nine days post hatch tilapia fry were reared in fine meshed nylon hapas,
suspended in a green cemented pond, and fed with tamoxifen (Cytotam 20) @ 150, 200, 250, 300,
350, 500, and 1000 mg/kg diet for 30 and 40 days. In 30 days treatment group, the percentage of male
fed with tamoxifen @ 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 500 and 1000 mg/kg diet were 67.6±0.5, 72.4±2.7,
84.5±1.8, 87.5±1.4, 89.7±1.0, 90.0±1.3 and 96.7±1.2, respectively, while control group had 50.8±0.9
to 50.9±1.4% males. Although the treatment with tamoxifen in lower concentrations (150-500 mg/
kg diet) significantly increased the male proportion compared to control diet, the percentage of male
was significantly highest in treatment with 1000 mg/kg diet. There were no significant differences
in percentage of male between 30 and 40 days of treatment durations. Likewise there was no
significant difference in the survival of Nile tilapia fries among control and treatment groups. The
findings revealed that tamoxifen has potential for production of all-male Nile tilapia. The best dose
of tamoxifen was 1000 mg/kg feed. However, increased dose of tamoxifen should be tested to induce
100% masculinizationLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Efficacy_of_tamoxifen_on_sex_reversal_of_ [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 211-216 p.[article] Efficacy of tamoxifen on sex reversal of nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) [printed text] / N. P. Pandit, Author ; R, Ranjan, Author ; R. Wagle, Author ; A. K, Yadav, Author ; N. R. Jaishi, Author ; I. Singh Mahato, Author . - 2018 . - 211-216 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 211-216 p.
Keywords: Cytotam 20 non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor masculinization Abstract: The efficacy of tamoxifen, a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor, for inducing masculinization in
Nile tilapia was assessed. Nine days post hatch tilapia fry were reared in fine meshed nylon hapas,
suspended in a green cemented pond, and fed with tamoxifen (Cytotam 20) @ 150, 200, 250, 300,
350, 500, and 1000 mg/kg diet for 30 and 40 days. In 30 days treatment group, the percentage of male
fed with tamoxifen @ 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 500 and 1000 mg/kg diet were 67.6±0.5, 72.4±2.7,
84.5±1.8, 87.5±1.4, 89.7±1.0, 90.0±1.3 and 96.7±1.2, respectively, while control group had 50.8±0.9
to 50.9±1.4% males. Although the treatment with tamoxifen in lower concentrations (150-500 mg/
kg diet) significantly increased the male proportion compared to control diet, the percentage of male
was significantly highest in treatment with 1000 mg/kg diet. There were no significant differences
in percentage of male between 30 and 40 days of treatment durations. Likewise there was no
significant difference in the survival of Nile tilapia fries among control and treatment groups. The
findings revealed that tamoxifen has potential for production of all-male Nile tilapia. The best dose
of tamoxifen was 1000 mg/kg feed. However, increased dose of tamoxifen should be tested to induce
100% masculinizationLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Efficacy_of_tamoxifen_on_sex_reversal_of_ [...] Performance of pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) under different densities in cages suspended in earthen pond / S. N. Mehta in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Performance of pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) under different densities in cages suspended in earthen pond Material Type: printed text Authors: S. N. Mehta, Author ; S. K. Wagle, Author ; M. K. Shrestha, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 217-224 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Survival, gross yield, net yield, food conversion ratio, gross margin Abstract: Pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is a highly productive freshwater fish species. An experiment
was done at the Regional Agriculture Research Station, Tarahara, Nepal to assess production and
economics of pangas at different stocking densities. The experiment was conducted in 12 nylon net
cages (1 cm mesh size and 25 m3 ), fixed in a 7000 m2 earthen pond for 90 days. The experiment was
set up using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments, each replicated thrice. The
treatments were: 80000 fish/ha (T1 ), 100000 fish/ha (T2 ), 120000 fish/ha and 140000 fish/ha (T4
).
Pangas yearlings of average weight 81.2±0.7 g were stocked in each cage. Fish were fed with 30% CP
pellet feed twice daily @ 3% of body weight. At harvest, the average weight of fish in T1 , T2 , T3 and T4
were 547.2, 552.8, 531.0 and 537.5 g, respectively, with an average growth rate of 5.2, 5.2, 5.0 and 5.1
g/fish/day, respectively. There were no significant differences in average harvest weight and growth
rate of fish among treatments. The survival rate of pangas was significantly lowest in T4 (85.5%),
intermediate in T3 (91.3%) and highest in T1 (96.8%) and T2 (95.6%) (p gross yield of pangas in T1 , T2 , T3 and T4 were 42.4, 52.9, 58.2 and 64.4 t/ha/cycle, respectively. The
extrapolated gross yield was significantly higher in T3 and T4 than T1 (p highest in T3 (NRs. 10511.4/cage), intermediate in T2 (NRs. 8184.1/cage) and lowest in T4 (NRs.
5798.9/cage). Growth of this fish was higher at lower stocking densities, but highest production was
obtained at highest stocking density. Based on the results of this study we can conclude that stocking
density of pangas at 120000 fish/ha (T3 ) is more profitable.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Performance_of_pangas_%28Pangasianodon_hy [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 217-224 p.[article] Performance of pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) under different densities in cages suspended in earthen pond [printed text] / S. N. Mehta, Author ; S. K. Wagle, Author ; M. K. Shrestha, Author . - 2018 . - 217-224 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 217-224 p.
Keywords: Survival, gross yield, net yield, food conversion ratio, gross margin Abstract: Pangas (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is a highly productive freshwater fish species. An experiment
was done at the Regional Agriculture Research Station, Tarahara, Nepal to assess production and
economics of pangas at different stocking densities. The experiment was conducted in 12 nylon net
cages (1 cm mesh size and 25 m3 ), fixed in a 7000 m2 earthen pond for 90 days. The experiment was
set up using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments, each replicated thrice. The
treatments were: 80000 fish/ha (T1 ), 100000 fish/ha (T2 ), 120000 fish/ha and 140000 fish/ha (T4
).
Pangas yearlings of average weight 81.2±0.7 g were stocked in each cage. Fish were fed with 30% CP
pellet feed twice daily @ 3% of body weight. At harvest, the average weight of fish in T1 , T2 , T3 and T4
were 547.2, 552.8, 531.0 and 537.5 g, respectively, with an average growth rate of 5.2, 5.2, 5.0 and 5.1
g/fish/day, respectively. There were no significant differences in average harvest weight and growth
rate of fish among treatments. The survival rate of pangas was significantly lowest in T4 (85.5%),
intermediate in T3 (91.3%) and highest in T1 (96.8%) and T2 (95.6%) (p gross yield of pangas in T1 , T2 , T3 and T4 were 42.4, 52.9, 58.2 and 64.4 t/ha/cycle, respectively. The
extrapolated gross yield was significantly higher in T3 and T4 than T1 (p highest in T3 (NRs. 10511.4/cage), intermediate in T2 (NRs. 8184.1/cage) and lowest in T4 (NRs.
5798.9/cage). Growth of this fish was higher at lower stocking densities, but highest production was
obtained at highest stocking density. Based on the results of this study we can conclude that stocking
density of pangas at 120000 fish/ha (T3 ) is more profitable.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Performance_of_pangas_%28Pangasianodon_hy [...] An assessment on abundance of aquatic invasive plants and their management in Beeshazar lake, Chitwan / A. Sharma in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : An assessment on abundance of aquatic invasive plants and their management in Beeshazar lake, Chitwan Material Type: printed text Authors: A. Sharma, Author ; S. Bhattarai, Author ; B. Bhatta, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 225-230 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Aquatic invasive species, beeshazar lake, frequency, abundance, management Abstract: Biological invasion have been a serious threat to global biodiversity, leading to global environmental
change. These scenarios are well reflected even in the protected lakes. Invasion by the alien species
has been the second leading problem, first being draining the water in Beeshazar Lake, Chitwan.
The excessive growth of these species is probably due to the high nutrients level in the lake. Under
these circumstances, this study was carried out to prepare checklist of alien invasive species, appraise
species-wise status of aquatic invasive species, and document existing practices for controlling them
in the Beeshazar Lake, Chitwan. Systematic sampling was used in which 39 plots, each with size of
1m × 1m, to count the grass species, were laid out at 58m interval. This process was facilitated by
Arc GIS software. Frequency, relative frequency, and abundance of species were calculated to find
the status of species. A total of six species were recorded among which Eichhornia was the most
frequent (F=79.4; RF=35.6) and abundant, (A=18). As this research was done during dry season,
species found during wet season were not considered. Mechanical control measure could be possible
to control weeds whereas invasive plants were pulled out manually, or by machine. However, growth
of Ludwigia amd Lemna were challenged by this removal activity; Azolla and Argeratum were more
or less affected whereas Eichhornia, Leersia and Cyperus were not affected by this measure.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/An_assessment_on_abundance_of_aquatic_inv [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 225-230 p.[article] An assessment on abundance of aquatic invasive plants and their management in Beeshazar lake, Chitwan [printed text] / A. Sharma, Author ; S. Bhattarai, Author ; B. Bhatta, Author . - 2018 . - 225-230 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 225-230 p.
Keywords: Aquatic invasive species, beeshazar lake, frequency, abundance, management Abstract: Biological invasion have been a serious threat to global biodiversity, leading to global environmental
change. These scenarios are well reflected even in the protected lakes. Invasion by the alien species
has been the second leading problem, first being draining the water in Beeshazar Lake, Chitwan.
The excessive growth of these species is probably due to the high nutrients level in the lake. Under
these circumstances, this study was carried out to prepare checklist of alien invasive species, appraise
species-wise status of aquatic invasive species, and document existing practices for controlling them
in the Beeshazar Lake, Chitwan. Systematic sampling was used in which 39 plots, each with size of
1m × 1m, to count the grass species, were laid out at 58m interval. This process was facilitated by
Arc GIS software. Frequency, relative frequency, and abundance of species were calculated to find
the status of species. A total of six species were recorded among which Eichhornia was the most
frequent (F=79.4; RF=35.6) and abundant, (A=18). As this research was done during dry season,
species found during wet season were not considered. Mechanical control measure could be possible
to control weeds whereas invasive plants were pulled out manually, or by machine. However, growth
of Ludwigia amd Lemna were challenged by this removal activity; Azolla and Argeratum were more
or less affected whereas Eichhornia, Leersia and Cyperus were not affected by this measure.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/An_assessment_on_abundance_of_aquatic_inv [...] In the search of end products of commercially important medicinal plants: A case study of yarsagumba (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) and bish (Aconitum spicatum) / Gandhiv Kafle in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : In the search of end products of commercially important medicinal plants: A case study of yarsagumba (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) and bish (Aconitum spicatum) Material Type: printed text Authors: Gandhiv Kafle, Author ; I. (Sharma) Bhattarai, Author ; M. Siwakoti, Author ; Shrestha; A.K., Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 231-239 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: : medicinal plant, herbal manufacturing industries, end products, Nepal Abstract: Knowledge of end products of medicinal plants and their consumption can be useful for predicting
future demand and planning for sustainable harvesting. In this context, a survey was carried out
in July 2016 to March 2017 in Nepal and India to explore the industrial demand of commercially
important medicinal plants such as Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora, Ophiocordyceps sinensis and
Aconitum spicatum, their end products and uses. This paper presents case studies of Ophiocordyceps
sinensis and Aconitum spicatum. The study findings showed that four industries processed 10 kg O.
sinensis in a year (2015/016), and produced four types of end products such as Ayurvedic tonic, food
supplement, alcoholic beverage and sex stimulant tea. No industry was found processing A. spicatum
in Nepal. The end products containing O. sinensis were reported having multiple benefits to human
body including enhancing immunity power, boosting stamina, inducing relaxation, providing energy
and mental freshness and healing a number of health disorders. The domestic industrial consumption
of O. sinensis was found insignificant in comparison to its harvested volume in trade, and should
not be considered a major threat to this species. Diversification of end products of O. sinensis is
recommended to contribute to national economy while promoting consumer healthcare in Nepal.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/In_the_search_of_end_products_of_commerci [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 231-239 p.[article] In the search of end products of commercially important medicinal plants: A case study of yarsagumba (Ophiocordyceps sinensis) and bish (Aconitum spicatum) [printed text] / Gandhiv Kafle, Author ; I. (Sharma) Bhattarai, Author ; M. Siwakoti, Author ; Shrestha; A.K., Author . - 2018 . - 231-239 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 231-239 p.
Keywords: : medicinal plant, herbal manufacturing industries, end products, Nepal Abstract: Knowledge of end products of medicinal plants and their consumption can be useful for predicting
future demand and planning for sustainable harvesting. In this context, a survey was carried out
in July 2016 to March 2017 in Nepal and India to explore the industrial demand of commercially
important medicinal plants such as Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora, Ophiocordyceps sinensis and
Aconitum spicatum, their end products and uses. This paper presents case studies of Ophiocordyceps
sinensis and Aconitum spicatum. The study findings showed that four industries processed 10 kg O.
sinensis in a year (2015/016), and produced four types of end products such as Ayurvedic tonic, food
supplement, alcoholic beverage and sex stimulant tea. No industry was found processing A. spicatum
in Nepal. The end products containing O. sinensis were reported having multiple benefits to human
body including enhancing immunity power, boosting stamina, inducing relaxation, providing energy
and mental freshness and healing a number of health disorders. The domestic industrial consumption
of O. sinensis was found insignificant in comparison to its harvested volume in trade, and should
not be considered a major threat to this species. Diversification of end products of O. sinensis is
recommended to contribute to national economy while promoting consumer healthcare in Nepal.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/In_the_search_of_end_products_of_commerci [...] Carbon stocks in Shorea robusta and Pinus roxburghii forests in Makawanpur district of Nepal / Parmod Ghimire in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)
[article]
Title : Carbon stocks in Shorea robusta and Pinus roxburghii forests in Makawanpur district of Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: Parmod Ghimire, Author ; Gandhiv Kafle, Author ; B. Bhatta, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 241-248 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Carbon stock, forest, Nepal, climate change Abstract: Forests are natural carbon sink, and play an important role in sequestrating the atmospheric carbon
into biomass and soil. As both carbon sources and sinks, they have the potential to form important
components to combat global climate change. The study was carried out in Shorea robusta forest in
tropical region and Pinus roxburghii forest in sub-tropical region of Makawanpur district, Nepal. The
inventory for estimating above and below ground biomass of forest was carried out using stratified
random sampling. Forest biomass was calculated using standard allometric models. Soil samples
were taken from soil profile up to 60 cm depth at the interval of 20 cm. Walkey and Black method
(1934) was used for measuring soil organic carbon. Total biomass carbon in Shorea robusta and Pinus
roxburghii forest was 170.75t/ha and 144.96 t/ha, respectively. Soil carbon sequestration in Shorea
robusta and Pinus roxburghii forest was 58.82 and 43.94 t/ha, respectively. Total carbon sequestration
in Shorea robusta forest was 1.21 times higher than in the Pinus roxburghii forest. Shorea robusta and
Pinus roxburghii forests have found potentiality in contributing to the global goal of climate change
mitigation through storage of carbon, hence wise use and sustainable management of forest resources
are recommended.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Carbon_stocks_in_Shorea_robusta_and_Pinus [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 241-248 p.[article] Carbon stocks in Shorea robusta and Pinus roxburghii forests in Makawanpur district of Nepal [printed text] / Parmod Ghimire, Author ; Gandhiv Kafle, Author ; B. Bhatta, Author . - 2018 . - 241-248 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 241-248 p.
Keywords: Carbon stock, forest, Nepal, climate change Abstract: Forests are natural carbon sink, and play an important role in sequestrating the atmospheric carbon
into biomass and soil. As both carbon sources and sinks, they have the potential to form important
components to combat global climate change. The study was carried out in Shorea robusta forest in
tropical region and Pinus roxburghii forest in sub-tropical region of Makawanpur district, Nepal. The
inventory for estimating above and below ground biomass of forest was carried out using stratified
random sampling. Forest biomass was calculated using standard allometric models. Soil samples
were taken from soil profile up to 60 cm depth at the interval of 20 cm. Walkey and Black method
(1934) was used for measuring soil organic carbon. Total biomass carbon in Shorea robusta and Pinus
roxburghii forest was 170.75t/ha and 144.96 t/ha, respectively. Soil carbon sequestration in Shorea
robusta and Pinus roxburghii forest was 58.82 and 43.94 t/ha, respectively. Total carbon sequestration
in Shorea robusta forest was 1.21 times higher than in the Pinus roxburghii forest. Shorea robusta and
Pinus roxburghii forests have found potentiality in contributing to the global goal of climate change
mitigation through storage of carbon, hence wise use and sustainable management of forest resources
are recommended.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Carbon_stocks_in_Shorea_robusta_and_Pinus [...]