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Author S. Singh |
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Refine your search Apply to external sourcesAnti-inflammatory properties of methanolic extract of "sikari laharo" (Periploca calophylla) / J. Adhikari in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 4 (2020)
Title : Anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic extract of "sikari laharo" (Periploca calophylla) Material Type: printed text Authors: J. Adhikari, Author ; S. Thapaliya, Author ; S. Singh, Author ; M. K. Shah, Author ; Nirmal Paudyal, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 231-242 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Periploca calophylla, phyto-extract, inflammation, and animal model. Abstract: Inflammation, orchestrated in a series of cardinal signs is a pathophysiological condition that occurs during various clinical
presentations. Periploca calophylla is a herbal plant which is used traditionally as an anti-inflammatory agent for a myriad
of malaises in Nepalese countryside. The scientific research on the anti-inflammatory property of this plant is scanty, and if
available elsewhere, its properties are not proven scientifically, except sporadic empirical evidence reported by the traditional
faith healers. The main objective of this research was to establish a proof of concept on the anti-inflammatory property of P.
calophylla based on the results obtained from a scientific experiment. Accordingly, Adult albino mice animal model was used
for in vivo assessment of its property. Three different doses of 80% methanolic extract of the vine of P. calophylla (1.5 mg/
kg, 2 mg/kg, and 2.5 mg/kg) were administered intra-peritoneally to the animals of the test groups. Indomethacin (25 mg/
kg) and distilled water (3 mL/kg) were used as positive and negative controls, via the same route of administration. The antiinflammatory property was evaluated by the Carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema model test, fresh egg albumin induced
paw oedema test, formalin-induced paw oedema test, and haematology. Extract of P. calophylla (1.5 mg/kg) significantly
(p indicated that the phyto-extract of P. calophylla possessed a significant amount of anti-inflammatory property. This justifies
the empirical and traditional use of this plant as an anti-inflammatory agent. Isolation of the particular compound related to
this property needs further experimentation and scientific investigatioLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Anti-inflammatory%20properties%20of%20met [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 4 (2020) . - 231-242 p.[article] Anti-inflammatory properties of methanolic extract of "sikari laharo" (Periploca calophylla) [printed text] / J. Adhikari, Author ; S. Thapaliya, Author ; S. Singh, Author ; M. K. Shah, Author ; Nirmal Paudyal, Author . - 2020 . - 231-242 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 4 (2020) . - 231-242 p.
Keywords: Periploca calophylla, phyto-extract, inflammation, and animal model. Abstract: Inflammation, orchestrated in a series of cardinal signs is a pathophysiological condition that occurs during various clinical
presentations. Periploca calophylla is a herbal plant which is used traditionally as an anti-inflammatory agent for a myriad
of malaises in Nepalese countryside. The scientific research on the anti-inflammatory property of this plant is scanty, and if
available elsewhere, its properties are not proven scientifically, except sporadic empirical evidence reported by the traditional
faith healers. The main objective of this research was to establish a proof of concept on the anti-inflammatory property of P.
calophylla based on the results obtained from a scientific experiment. Accordingly, Adult albino mice animal model was used
for in vivo assessment of its property. Three different doses of 80% methanolic extract of the vine of P. calophylla (1.5 mg/
kg, 2 mg/kg, and 2.5 mg/kg) were administered intra-peritoneally to the animals of the test groups. Indomethacin (25 mg/
kg) and distilled water (3 mL/kg) were used as positive and negative controls, via the same route of administration. The antiinflammatory property was evaluated by the Carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema model test, fresh egg albumin induced
paw oedema test, formalin-induced paw oedema test, and haematology. Extract of P. calophylla (1.5 mg/kg) significantly
(p indicated that the phyto-extract of P. calophylla possessed a significant amount of anti-inflammatory property. This justifies
the empirical and traditional use of this plant as an anti-inflammatory agent. Isolation of the particular compound related to
this property needs further experimentation and scientific investigatioLink for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Anti-inflammatory%20properties%20of%20met [...]
Title : Current diagnostic techniques of Mycobacterium avium sub sp. paratuberculosis in domestic ruminants Material Type: printed text Authors: S. Singh, Author ; I. P. Dhakal, Author ; U. M. Singh, Author ; B. Devkota, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 23-34 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Paratuberculosis, molecular, culture, ELISA, PCR, MAP Abstract: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne’s disease (JD), a chronic
wasting disease in cattle with important welfare, economic and potential public health implications.
Current laboratory tests are unable to recognize all stages of the disease, which makes it difficult to
diagnose and control the disease. Methods such as fecal smear, acid-fast stain, bacterial culture and
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests are used as direct tests while detection of host response that
includes clinical signs in combination with gross and microscopic pathology and immunologic markers
of infection that include antibody response to MAP (serology), delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH)
reaction, lymphocyte proliferation, and increased cytokine (IFN-γ) production- are the indirect ways
to diagnose MAP infection. For effective control, early and confirmatory diagnosis is quite important.
Despite considerable research effort, all methods are fraught with difficulties that have impeded the
control and eradication of paratuberculosis. This article briefly reviews the recent diagnostic tests
available for diagnosis of MAP which can facilitate clinician’s ability to apply the results and evaluate
the test sensitivity and specificity to compare the accuracy of different tests in detecting MAP.
Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Current_diagnostic_techniques_of_Mycobact [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 23-34 p.[article] Current diagnostic techniques of Mycobacterium avium sub sp. paratuberculosis in domestic ruminants [printed text] / S. Singh, Author ; I. P. Dhakal, Author ; U. M. Singh, Author ; B. Devkota, Author . - 2018 . - 23-34 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 23-34 p.
Keywords: Paratuberculosis, molecular, culture, ELISA, PCR, MAP Abstract: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne’s disease (JD), a chronic
wasting disease in cattle with important welfare, economic and potential public health implications.
Current laboratory tests are unable to recognize all stages of the disease, which makes it difficult to
diagnose and control the disease. Methods such as fecal smear, acid-fast stain, bacterial culture and
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests are used as direct tests while detection of host response that
includes clinical signs in combination with gross and microscopic pathology and immunologic markers
of infection that include antibody response to MAP (serology), delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH)
reaction, lymphocyte proliferation, and increased cytokine (IFN-γ) production- are the indirect ways
to diagnose MAP infection. For effective control, early and confirmatory diagnosis is quite important.
Despite considerable research effort, all methods are fraught with difficulties that have impeded the
control and eradication of paratuberculosis. This article briefly reviews the recent diagnostic tests
available for diagnosis of MAP which can facilitate clinician’s ability to apply the results and evaluate
the test sensitivity and specificity to compare the accuracy of different tests in detecting MAP.
Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Current_diagnostic_techniques_of_Mycobact [...]
Title : Detection of Mycobacterium avium sub sp. paratuberculosis (MAP) by PCR in the faeces of dairy cattle of Chitwan, Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: S. Singh, Author ; I. P. Dhakal, Author ; U. M. Singh, Author ; B. Devkota, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 217-224 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Johne's disease, Diagnosis, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Faecal culture, fPCR,Nepal. Abstract: Johne's disease or Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes chronic granulomatous enteritis with
decrease in production resulting huge economic losses with high negative impact on the livestock industry. Diagnosis of
MAP is difficult due to lack of characteristics clinical signs, prolong incubation period in cultivation of MAP, and nonspecific results in diagnostic tests. To the best of our knowledge there is no report on faecal culture and molecular detection of
MAP in dairy cattle of Nepal. The main objective of this research was to access the herd level prevalence of Johne’s disease
in the representative dairy farms of Chitwan district with the use of modern techniques as faecal polymerase chain reaction
(fPCR) to know the MAP distribution in dairy cattle. A total of 265 individual dairy cattle faeces sample were collected
during February 2017 to January 2018 from dairy farms of three different geographical location of Chitwan district, Nepal.
Faeces were decontaminated and subjected for faecal culture as well as fPCR to have molecular detection of MAP. Findings
revealed that bio-load of MAP in dairy cattle were 13.57% by faecal culture, and 16.59% by fPCR detection method. The
overall prevalence of MAP in dairy cattle was detected as 16.59 % by fPCR. Likewise, IS900 PCR assay proved to be a more
sensitive and reliable test than faecal culture for the detection of MAP in faecal sample of clinically suspected dairy cattle
as the PCR assay was able to detect significantly (p suggests that IS900-PCR-based detection of MAP could be used as a potential diagnostic tool for rapid and effective Johne’s
disease (JD) surveillance as compared with faecal culture detection method due to its advantage for JD control programs by
reducing the time of definitive diagnosis from several months to a few days. This is the first molecular level of diagnostic
research performed and reporting of MAP in dairy cattle of Nepal. These results will be useful in designing suitable disease
control strategy for livestock industry.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Detection%20of%20Mycobacterium%20avium%20 [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 4 (2020) . - 217-224 p.[article] Detection of Mycobacterium avium sub sp. paratuberculosis (MAP) by PCR in the faeces of dairy cattle of Chitwan, Nepal [printed text] / S. Singh, Author ; I. P. Dhakal, Author ; U. M. Singh, Author ; B. Devkota, Author . - 2020 . - 217-224 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 4 (2020) . - 217-224 p.
Keywords: Johne's disease, Diagnosis, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Faecal culture, fPCR,Nepal. Abstract: Johne's disease or Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes chronic granulomatous enteritis with
decrease in production resulting huge economic losses with high negative impact on the livestock industry. Diagnosis of
MAP is difficult due to lack of characteristics clinical signs, prolong incubation period in cultivation of MAP, and nonspecific results in diagnostic tests. To the best of our knowledge there is no report on faecal culture and molecular detection of
MAP in dairy cattle of Nepal. The main objective of this research was to access the herd level prevalence of Johne’s disease
in the representative dairy farms of Chitwan district with the use of modern techniques as faecal polymerase chain reaction
(fPCR) to know the MAP distribution in dairy cattle. A total of 265 individual dairy cattle faeces sample were collected
during February 2017 to January 2018 from dairy farms of three different geographical location of Chitwan district, Nepal.
Faeces were decontaminated and subjected for faecal culture as well as fPCR to have molecular detection of MAP. Findings
revealed that bio-load of MAP in dairy cattle were 13.57% by faecal culture, and 16.59% by fPCR detection method. The
overall prevalence of MAP in dairy cattle was detected as 16.59 % by fPCR. Likewise, IS900 PCR assay proved to be a more
sensitive and reliable test than faecal culture for the detection of MAP in faecal sample of clinically suspected dairy cattle
as the PCR assay was able to detect significantly (p suggests that IS900-PCR-based detection of MAP could be used as a potential diagnostic tool for rapid and effective Johne’s
disease (JD) surveillance as compared with faecal culture detection method due to its advantage for JD control programs by
reducing the time of definitive diagnosis from several months to a few days. This is the first molecular level of diagnostic
research performed and reporting of MAP in dairy cattle of Nepal. These results will be useful in designing suitable disease
control strategy for livestock industry.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Detection%20of%20Mycobacterium%20avium%20 [...]
Title : Isolation and antibiotic sensitivity of Salmonella typhimurium isolates from poultry farms and slaughterhouses of Chitwan, Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: S. Singh, Author Publication Date: 2022 Article on page: 285-292 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Antibiotic, isolation, poultry, resistance, S. typhimurium Abstract: Nepalese poultry sector is progressing rapidly contributing around 4% of GDP with flourishing impact to provide
sustainable and cheapest protein as source of human food. However, with the accelerating pathway, this industry
is shed-back by outbreak of several infectious and zoonotic diseases impacting huge economic losses. Salmonella
also cause infection in poultry birds and constitutes the largest reservoir of Salmonella organisms in nature. S.
typhimurium is an unadopted serotype of Salmonella that may be transmitted to human, animals (poultry) and
environment from contaminated food, feed and water. Use of antibiotics, good farm management practices and
biosecurity are the treatment and control measures of this disease in poultry production. Development of antibiotic
resistant strains of S. typhimurium thus not only pose considerable threat to clinicians, but is also of public
health concern as these resistant strains after ingestion are capable of transferring resistance to other pathogens.
The present study was undertaken to determine prevalence and antibiotics sensitivity of S. typhimurium strains
isolated from domestic poultry from Chitwan, Nepal. Out of 79 farm and 23 chicken slaughterhouse sampling
sites, the 107 (19.45%) out of 550 cultured specimens were confirmed for S. typhimurium. Amongst various
antibiotics used for in vitro sensitivity testing, the two antibiotics: Colistin (Cl) and Enrofloxacin (Ex), were
found to be 100% effective, whereas out of 22 antibiotics, 18 antibiotics showed weak to strong resistance pattern
against S. typhimurium isolate. In the present study, Polymyxin and fluoroquinolone antibiotics were found to be
most effective against S. typhimurium. Understanding the source of exposure to pathogens (especially resistant
pathogens) provides some insight into antibiotic use and misuse in the region. Looking through the lens of
One Health approach, the regulation of antibiotic use in animal medicine has direct implications for human
health through the increased resistance of foodborne pathogens to vital antibiotic therapy. Thus, judicious use of
antibiotics based on their sensitivity pattern should be practiced.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Isolation_and_antibiotic_sensitivity_of_S [...]
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 5 (2022) . - 285-292 p.[article] Isolation and antibiotic sensitivity of Salmonella typhimurium isolates from poultry farms and slaughterhouses of Chitwan, Nepal [printed text] / S. Singh, Author . - 2022 . - 285-292 p.
Languages : English (eng)
in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 5 (2022) . - 285-292 p.
Keywords: Antibiotic, isolation, poultry, resistance, S. typhimurium Abstract: Nepalese poultry sector is progressing rapidly contributing around 4% of GDP with flourishing impact to provide
sustainable and cheapest protein as source of human food. However, with the accelerating pathway, this industry
is shed-back by outbreak of several infectious and zoonotic diseases impacting huge economic losses. Salmonella
also cause infection in poultry birds and constitutes the largest reservoir of Salmonella organisms in nature. S.
typhimurium is an unadopted serotype of Salmonella that may be transmitted to human, animals (poultry) and
environment from contaminated food, feed and water. Use of antibiotics, good farm management practices and
biosecurity are the treatment and control measures of this disease in poultry production. Development of antibiotic
resistant strains of S. typhimurium thus not only pose considerable threat to clinicians, but is also of public
health concern as these resistant strains after ingestion are capable of transferring resistance to other pathogens.
The present study was undertaken to determine prevalence and antibiotics sensitivity of S. typhimurium strains
isolated from domestic poultry from Chitwan, Nepal. Out of 79 farm and 23 chicken slaughterhouse sampling
sites, the 107 (19.45%) out of 550 cultured specimens were confirmed for S. typhimurium. Amongst various
antibiotics used for in vitro sensitivity testing, the two antibiotics: Colistin (Cl) and Enrofloxacin (Ex), were
found to be 100% effective, whereas out of 22 antibiotics, 18 antibiotics showed weak to strong resistance pattern
against S. typhimurium isolate. In the present study, Polymyxin and fluoroquinolone antibiotics were found to be
most effective against S. typhimurium. Understanding the source of exposure to pathogens (especially resistant
pathogens) provides some insight into antibiotic use and misuse in the region. Looking through the lens of
One Health approach, the regulation of antibiotic use in animal medicine has direct implications for human
health through the increased resistance of foodborne pathogens to vital antibiotic therapy. Thus, judicious use of
antibiotics based on their sensitivity pattern should be practiced.Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Isolation_and_antibiotic_sensitivity_of_S [...]
