Current diagnostic techniques of Mycobacterium avium sub sp. paratuberculosis in domestic ruminants / S. Singh in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 2 (2018)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 23-34 p. Title : Current diagnostic techniques of Mycobacterium avium sub sp. paratuberculosis in domestic ruminants Material Type: printed text Authors: S. Singh, Author ; I. P. Dhakal, Author ; U. M. Singh, Author ; B. Devkota, Author Publication Date: 2018 Article on page: 23-34 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Paratuberculosis, molecular, culture, ELISA, PCR, MAP Abstract: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne’s disease (JD), a chronic wasting disease in cattle with important welfare, economic and potential public health implications. Current laboratory tests are unable to recognize all stages of the disease, which makes it difficult to diagnose and control the disease. Methods such as fecal smear, acid-fast stain, bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests are used as direct tests while detection of host response that includes clinical signs in combination with gross and microscopic pathology and immunologic markers of infection that include antibody response to MAP (serology), delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction, lymphocyte proliferation, and increased cytokine (IFN-γ) production- are the indirect ways to diagnose MAP infection. For effective control, early and confirmatory diagnosis is quite important. Despite considerable research effort, all methods are fraught with difficulties that have impeded the control and eradication of paratuberculosis. This article briefly reviews the recent diagnostic tests available for diagnosis of MAP which can facilitate clinician’s ability to apply the results and evaluate the test sensitivity and specificity to compare the accuracy of different tests in detecting MAP. Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Current_diagnostic_techniques_of_Mycobact [...] [article] Current diagnostic techniques of Mycobacterium avium sub sp. paratuberculosis in domestic ruminants [printed text] / S. Singh, Author ; I. P. Dhakal, Author ; U. M. Singh, Author ; B. Devkota, Author . - 2018 . - 23-34 p. Languages : English (eng) in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 2 (2018) . - 23-34 p. Keywords: Paratuberculosis, molecular, culture, ELISA, PCR, MAP Abstract: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes Johne’s disease (JD), a chronic wasting disease in cattle with important welfare, economic and potential public health implications. Current laboratory tests are unable to recognize all stages of the disease, which makes it difficult to diagnose and control the disease. Methods such as fecal smear, acid-fast stain, bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests are used as direct tests while detection of host response that includes clinical signs in combination with gross and microscopic pathology and immunologic markers of infection that include antibody response to MAP (serology), delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction, lymphocyte proliferation, and increased cytokine (IFN-γ) production- are the indirect ways to diagnose MAP infection. For effective control, early and confirmatory diagnosis is quite important. Despite considerable research effort, all methods are fraught with difficulties that have impeded the control and eradication of paratuberculosis. This article briefly reviews the recent diagnostic tests available for diagnosis of MAP which can facilitate clinician’s ability to apply the results and evaluate the test sensitivity and specificity to compare the accuracy of different tests in detecting MAP. Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Current_diagnostic_techniques_of_Mycobact [...]

Detection of Mycobacterium avium sub sp. paratuberculosis (MAP) by PCR in the faeces of dairy cattle of Chitwan, Nepal / S. Singh in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University, Volume 4 (2020)  

Public ISBD [article]  inJournal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 4 (2020) . - 217-224 p. Title : Detection of Mycobacterium avium sub sp. paratuberculosis (MAP) by PCR in the faeces of dairy cattle of Chitwan, Nepal Material Type: printed text Authors: S. Singh, Author ; I. P. Dhakal, Author ; U. M. Singh, Author ; B. Devkota, Author Publication Date: 2020 Article on page: 217-224 p. Languages : English (eng) Keywords: Johne's disease, Diagnosis, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Faecal culture, fPCR,Nepal. Abstract: Johne's disease or Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes chronic granulomatous enteritis with decrease in production resulting huge economic losses with high negative impact on the livestock industry. Diagnosis of MAP is difficult due to lack of characteristics clinical signs, prolong incubation period in cultivation of MAP, and nonspecific results in diagnostic tests. To the best of our knowledge there is no report on faecal culture and molecular detection of MAP in dairy cattle of Nepal. The main objective of this research was to access the herd level prevalence of Johne’s disease in the representative dairy farms of Chitwan district with the use of modern techniques as faecal polymerase chain reaction (fPCR) to know the MAP distribution in dairy cattle. A total of 265 individual dairy cattle faeces sample were collected during February 2017 to January 2018 from dairy farms of three different geographical location of Chitwan district, Nepal. Faeces were decontaminated and subjected for faecal culture as well as fPCR to have molecular detection of MAP. Findings revealed that bio-load of MAP in dairy cattle were 13.57% by faecal culture, and 16.59% by fPCR detection method. The overall prevalence of MAP in dairy cattle was detected as 16.59 % by fPCR. Likewise, IS900 PCR assay proved to be a more sensitive and reliable test than faecal culture for the detection of MAP in faecal sample of clinically suspected dairy cattle as the PCR assay was able to detect significantly (p suggests that IS900-PCR-based detection of MAP could be used as a potential diagnostic tool for rapid and effective Johne’s disease (JD) surveillance as compared with faecal culture detection method due to its advantage for JD control programs by reducing the time of definitive diagnosis from several months to a few days. This is the first molecular level of diagnostic research performed and reporting of MAP in dairy cattle of Nepal. These results will be useful in designing suitable disease control strategy for livestock industry. Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Detection%20of%20Mycobacterium%20avium%20 [...] [article] Detection of Mycobacterium avium sub sp. paratuberculosis (MAP) by PCR in the faeces of dairy cattle of Chitwan, Nepal [printed text] / S. Singh, Author ; I. P. Dhakal, Author ; U. M. Singh, Author ; B. Devkota, Author . - 2020 . - 217-224 p. Languages : English (eng) in Journal of Agriculture and Forestry University > Volume 4 (2020) . - 217-224 p. Keywords: Johne's disease, Diagnosis, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, Faecal culture, fPCR,Nepal. Abstract: Johne's disease or Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) causes chronic granulomatous enteritis with decrease in production resulting huge economic losses with high negative impact on the livestock industry. Diagnosis of MAP is difficult due to lack of characteristics clinical signs, prolong incubation period in cultivation of MAP, and nonspecific results in diagnostic tests. To the best of our knowledge there is no report on faecal culture and molecular detection of MAP in dairy cattle of Nepal. The main objective of this research was to access the herd level prevalence of Johne’s disease in the representative dairy farms of Chitwan district with the use of modern techniques as faecal polymerase chain reaction (fPCR) to know the MAP distribution in dairy cattle. A total of 265 individual dairy cattle faeces sample were collected during February 2017 to January 2018 from dairy farms of three different geographical location of Chitwan district, Nepal. Faeces were decontaminated and subjected for faecal culture as well as fPCR to have molecular detection of MAP. Findings revealed that bio-load of MAP in dairy cattle were 13.57% by faecal culture, and 16.59% by fPCR detection method. The overall prevalence of MAP in dairy cattle was detected as 16.59 % by fPCR. Likewise, IS900 PCR assay proved to be a more sensitive and reliable test than faecal culture for the detection of MAP in faecal sample of clinically suspected dairy cattle as the PCR assay was able to detect significantly (p suggests that IS900-PCR-based detection of MAP could be used as a potential diagnostic tool for rapid and effective Johne’s disease (JD) surveillance as compared with faecal culture detection method due to its advantage for JD control programs by reducing the time of definitive diagnosis from several months to a few days. This is the first molecular level of diagnostic research performed and reporting of MAP in dairy cattle of Nepal. These results will be useful in designing suitable disease control strategy for livestock industry. Link for e-copy: https://afu.edu.np/sites/default/files/Detection%20of%20Mycobacterium%20avium%20 [...]